Soil conditioners, such as biochar and zeolites, may play an important role in agriculture if they increase nutrient use efficiency, in particular, that of phosphorus (P), due to the depletion of phosphate rocks from which P-fertilizers are manufactured. This study report results from a field trial, where maize was grown in summer and oats in winter, and from a pot experiment with maize. In the field, the use of biochar and zeolites, along with an untreated control in combination with various P rates (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹), was tested. In the pot experiment, six treatments were included, biochar, zeolites and a non-amended control with and without P application. Soil conditioners did not significantly influence tissue elemental composition or the dry matter (DM) yield of maize and oats in the field trial, nor the DM yield of maize in the pots. In the field trial, average maize DM yields varied from 14.3 to 15.6 t ha⁻¹ and 11.8 to 13.7 t ha⁻¹ and average oats DM yields from 2.1 to 2.4 t ha⁻¹ and 3.0 to 3.2 t ha⁻¹, respectively, in 2018 and 2019. Biochar only significantly increased total organic carbon (C); and zeolites the levels of potassium (K) in the soil, a result of their initial composition. P application increased DM yield of maize in the second year and oats in the two years of the field trial and also the DM yield of potted maize. In the pots, P application also influenced the concentration of P and several other nutrients in plant tissues and increased the labile soil P fraction. This study showed that the biochar and zeolite soil conditioners applied may not be suitable for short-term increase of crop production in soil with high agricultural potential and under intensive irrigated farming systems.

中文翻译：

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在灌溉集约化农业系统中进行的田间试验中，生物炭和沸石并未提高磷吸收或作物生产力

土壤调节剂，如生物炭和沸石，如果提高养分利用效率，特别是磷 (P) 的利用效率，可能在农业中发挥重要作用，因为生产 P 肥料的磷酸盐岩会枯竭。这份研究报告来自一项田间试验，其中玉米在夏季种植，燕麦在冬季种植，并且来自玉米盆栽试验。在现场，使用生物炭和沸石，以及未处理的对照与各种 P 率（0、50、100 和 200 kg P ₂ O ₅ ha ^-1)，经过测试。在盆栽实验中，包括六种处理，生物炭、沸石和一个未修正的对照，有和没有施磷。土壤改良剂对田间试验中玉米和燕麦的组织元素组成或干物质 (DM) 产量以及盆中玉米的干物质 (DM) 产量没有显着影响。在田间试验中，玉米干物质平均单产从 14.3 到 15.6 t ha ^-1和 11.8 到 13.7 t ha ^-1不等，燕麦干物质平均单产从 2.1 到 2.4 t ha ^-1和 3.0 到 3.2 t ha ^-1，分别在 2018 年和 2019 年。生物炭仅显着增加了总有机碳（C）；和沸石土壤中钾 (K) 的含量，这是其初始成分的结果。施磷提高了田间试验第二年玉米和燕麦的干物质产量，也提高了盆栽玉米干物质的产量。在盆栽中，磷的施用也影响植物组织中磷和其他几种养分的浓度，并增加了不稳定土壤的磷含量。该研究表明，在具有高农业潜力的土壤和集约灌溉农业系统下，应用生物炭和沸石土壤改良剂可能不适合短期增加作物产量。