There is accumulating evidence suggesting that an autoimmune component is involved in esophageal achalasia. An increase in immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and autoimmune antibodies in serum and infiltration of immune cells in tissues support the view that immune‐mediated inflammation is a crucial pathogenesis of inhibitory neuron degeneration in the lower esophageal sphincter. Infection of viruses such as the herpes virus family has been suspected of provoking the autoimmune reaction. Meanwhile, previous reports on immunogenetics have proposed that specific risk alleles on the human leukocyte antigen complex define the susceptible population to achalasia. In this study we reviewed current knowledge regarding the immune‐related factors of achalasia, including immunology, viral infection and immunogenetic variations.

中文翻译：

---

贲门失弛缓症的病因：一种免疫主导性疾病

越来越多的证据表明，自身免疫成分与食管贲门失弛缓症有关。血清中免疫细胞、细胞因子、趋化因子和自身免疫抗体的增加以及免疫细胞在组织中的浸润支持了免疫介导的炎症是食管下括约肌抑制性神经元变性的关键发病机制的观点。诸如疱疹病毒家族之类的病毒感染被怀疑会引起自身免疫反应。同时，之前关于免疫遗传学的报告提出，人类白细胞抗原复合物上的特定风险等位基因定义了对贲门失弛缓症的易感人群。在这项研究中，我们回顾了目前关于贲门失弛缓症免疫相关因素的知识，包括免疫学、病毒感染和免疫遗传变异。