Flood adaptation measures are indispensable to offset agricultural losses emanating from the increasing frequency and intensity of floods. Therefore, it is necessary to identify key precursors of adaptation for the success of flood‐related adaptation programs. Using cross‐sectional household survey data from rice farmers of eastern Nepal, this study explores existing adaptation practices along with the factors influencing farmers' adaptation strategies. Both parametric and semiparametric forms of the binary choice model are employed to assess key determinants of flood adaptation. The results reveal that existing adaptation practices are limited to conventional seed storage and few (bio)engineering techniques. Both household and farm characteristics, including flood impact indicators, significantly influence farmers' adaptation to flooding hazards. Thus, consideration of these multiple factors in adaptation‐related programs is anticipated to cope with future floods. Prioritising crop insurance over disaster relief programs and revitalization of existing adaptation measures are suggested. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the semiparametric approach offers a better alternative by lifting the basic assumptions of parametric models. Findings from this article could aid in developing localised adaptation strategies that would ultimately contribute to the resiliency of farming households and the flood‐prone communities as a whole.

中文翻译：

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洪水适应性的决定因素：参数和半参数评估

洪水适应措施对于抵消洪水频率和强度不断增加所造成的农业损失是必不可少的。因此，有必要确定适应的主要先兆，以使与洪水有关的适应计划取得成功。本研究使用尼泊尔东部稻农的横断面家庭调查数据，探讨了现有的适应措施以及影响农民适应策略的因素。二元选择模型的参数和半参数形式都用于评估洪水适应的关键决定因素。结果表明，现有的适应性实践仅限于常规种子存储和很少的（生物）工程技术。包括洪水影响指标在内的家庭和农场特征都极大地影响了农民的生活水平。适应洪水灾害。因此，预计在与适应有关的计划中考虑这些多重因素可应对未来的洪灾。建议优先考虑作物保险而不是disaster灾计划，并振兴现有的适应措施。此外，这项研究表明，通过取消参数模型的基本假设，半参数方法可以提供更好的选择。本文的发现可以帮助制定本地化的适应策略，这些策略最终将有助于提高农户和易受洪水泛滥的社区的整体适应能力。建议优先考虑作物保险而不是disaster灾计划，并振兴现有的适应措施。此外，这项研究表明，通过取消参数模型的基本假设，半参数方法提供了更好的选择。本文的发现可以帮助制定本地化的适应策略，这些策略最终将有助于提高农户和易受洪水泛滥的社区的整体适应能力。建议优先考虑作物保险而不是disaster灾计划，并振兴现有的适应措施。此外，这项研究表明，通过取消参数模型的基本假设，半参数方法提供了更好的选择。本文的发现可以帮助制定本地化的适应策略，这些策略最终将有助于提高农户和易受洪水泛滥的社区的整体适应能力。