To better understand the characteristics and trace the sources of regional ozone (O₃) in the North China Plain (NCP), we analyzed 1‐year continuous observations obtained at Mount Tai in 2018 and compared with previous data from 2006–2009. In the warm seasons (April–September), O₃ pollution (defined as a maximum daily 8‐h average O₃ mixing ratio that exceeds 75 ppbv) occurred frequently (59%–92% of days) and O₃ concentrations significantly increased (especially in July–September) from 2006–2009 to 2018. We applied the Lagrangian photochemical trajectory model, built on the coupling of the Lagrangian backward trajectory model and Master Chemical Mechanism box model, to identify the source regions, key precursors, and emission sectors. The NCP was identified as the major source region with an average contribution of 74% ± 27% to the regional O₃ concentrations during the O₃ episodes in April–September. Regional O₃ formation was highly NOx‐sensitive in air masses traveling from the southern part of the NCP but limited by anthropogenic hydrocarbons (especially alkenes) in air masses from the northern part of the NCP. The reduction of emissions from transportation and industry sectors would significantly reduce the regional O₃ concentrations. Biomass burning also exerts a significant influence on regional O₃ concentrations under certain circumstances. This study demonstrates that the regional background O₃ at mountaintop levels is a good indicator of surface O₃ pollution over a wide spatial coverage, and provides guidance for regional collaboration on emission control to mitigate photochemical air pollution over the NCP.

中文翻译：

---

华北泰山地区臭氧污染的源解析：拉格朗日光化学轨迹模型的应用及其对控制政策的启示

为了更好地了解华北平原（NCP）的特征并追踪区域臭氧（O ₃）的来源，我们分析了2018年在泰山获得的1年连续观测值，并将其与2006-2009年的先前数据进行了比较。在温暖的季节（四月至九月），O ₃污染（定义为最大每日8小时平均直径：₃超过75 ppbv的混合比）频繁发生（59％-92天的％）和O ₃浓度从2006-2009年到2018年显着增加（尤其是在7月至9月）。我们基于拉格朗日向后轨迹模型和主化学机制盒模型的耦合，应用了拉格朗日光化学轨迹模型，以识别来源区域，关键前体，以及排放部门。NCP被确定为主要污染源区域，在4月至9月的O ₃事件中，对区域O ₃浓度的平均贡献为74％±27％。区域O ₃来自NCP南部的空气质量对NOx的形成高度敏感，但受到来自NCP北部的空气质量的人为碳氢化合物（尤其是烯烃）的限制。运输和工业部门排放量的减少将大大降低区域O _3的浓度。在某些情况下，生物质燃烧还会对区域O ₃浓度产生重大影响。这项研究表明，山顶水平的区域背景O ₃是在广泛的空间覆盖范围内表面O ₃污染的良好指示，并为排放控制方面的区域合作提供指导，以减轻NCP上的光化学空气污染。