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Elevation and body size drive convergent variation in thermo‐insulative feather structure of Himalayan birds
Ecography ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 , DOI: 10.1111/ecog.05376
Sahas Barve 1 , Vijay Ramesh 2 , Toni M. Dotterer 1 , Carla J. Dove 1
Affiliation  

Globally, high elevation habitats have been independently colonized by taxa separated by millions of years of evolution. Mountains thus represent excellent systems to study how distantly related species adapt to the same environmental challenges. Cold temperatures influence the elevational distribution of birds along montane gradients. Yet the eco‐physiological adaptations that may explain this pattern, such as variation in insulative feather structure across high elevation and low elevation species has not been quantified. We used a comparative approach to understand if elevation, evolutionary history and body size drive variation in thermo‐insulative feather traits across 1715 specimens of 249 Himalayan passerines. Controlling for phylogenetic relationships between species, we found that the proportion of the feather's plumulaceous (downy) section increased with elevation. Body size also had a predictable effect on thermo‐insulative variables with small birds having relatively longer feathers and thus a more insulative plumage than large birds. We show that an increase in the proportion of the feather's downy section at colder temperatures is an evolutionarily widespread response across temperate and tropical taxa, and overall, smaller‐bodied birds tend to have longer and more insulative feathers. Our results reveal convergent patterns in feather structure variation as a response to cold temperatures across species separated by millions of years of evolution.

中文翻译:

海拔和体型驱动喜马拉雅鸟类绝热羽毛结构的趋同变化

在全球范围内,高海拔栖息地已被数百万年进化分开的分类单元独立定殖。因此,山脉代表了研究远距离物种如何适应相同环境挑战的绝佳系统。寒冷的温度会影响鸟类沿着山坡的海拔分布。然而,可能解释这种模式的生态生理适应性,例如高海拔和低海拔物种的绝缘羽毛结构的变化,尚未得到量化。我们使用一种比较方法来了解海拔,进化史和体型是否驱动了喜马拉雅249个er鱼的1715个标本的绝热羽毛特征的变化。控制物种之间的系统发育关系,我们发现羽毛的比例 羽状(绒毛)部分随海拔升高而增加。体型对绝热变量也具有可预测的影响,小鸟的羽毛相对较长,因此比大鸟的羽毛更具绝缘性。我们表明,在较冷的温度下,羽毛的绒毛部分所占比例的增加是在温带和热带分类单元中进化广泛的响应,总体而言,体型较小的鸟往往具有更长和更多的绝缘羽毛。我们的研究结果表明,羽毛结构变化的趋同模式是对数百万年进化分离的物种对低温的响应。体型对绝热变量也具有可预测的影响,小鸟的羽毛相对较长,因此比大鸟的羽毛更具绝缘性。我们表明,在较冷的温度下,羽毛的绒毛部分所占比例的增加是在温带和热带分类单元中进化广泛的响应,总体而言,体型较小的鸟往往具有更长和更多的绝缘羽毛。我们的研究结果表明,羽毛结构变化的趋同模式是对数百万年进化分离的物种对低温的响应。体型对绝热变量也具有可预测的影响,小鸟的羽毛相对较长,因此比大鸟的羽毛更具绝缘性。我们表明,在较冷的温度下,羽毛的绒毛部分所占比例的增加是在温带和热带分类单元中进化广泛的响应,总体而言,体型较小的鸟往往具有更长和更多的绝缘羽毛。我们的研究结果表明,羽毛结构变化的趋同模式是对数百万年进化分离的物种对低温的响应。体型较小的鸟往往有更长和更多的绝缘羽毛。我们的研究结果表明,羽毛结构变化的趋同模式是对数百万年进化分离的物种对低温的响应。体型较小的鸟往往有更长和更多的绝缘羽毛。我们的研究结果表明,羽毛结构变化的趋同模式是对数百万年进化分离的物种对低温的响应。
更新日期:2021-02-15
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