Aggression in correctional and psychiatric settings is relatively common and has a negative effect on physical and mental health both among inmates/clients and staff, as well as organizational‐level functioning. The aim of the present study was to critically review the evidence on the effectiveness of nutritional supplements in reducing aggression and violence to contribute to a better understanding of options available for managing aggressive behaviors in adults. The EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases were searched for effectiveness studies published in English anytime up until March 2020. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Altogether, 14 studies met inclusion criteria; 2 investigated micronutrients, 10 examined macronutrients, while further 2 examined a combination of micro and macronutrients. Out of the 14 studies, 5 reported a beneficial effect of nutritional supplementation (omega‐3 fatty acids, vitamins/minerals, S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine, or tryptophan). Five studies did not report a significant beneficial effect of nutritional supplementation (omega‐3 fatty acids, folic acid, tryptophan, broad range supplement containing vitamins and fatty acids, and fatty acids in augmentation with valproic acid), while four studies reported mixed effects (on l‐tryptophan, broad‐range micronutrient formula, folic acid, and omega‐3 fatty acids). The results overall indicated that research in this area is in its infancy: very few studies examined the same composition of nutritional supplementation and when they did so the results were contradictory. The methodological shortcoming of existing studies and directions for future research are discussed to facilitate high‐quality research in this evolving area of nutritional psychiatry.

中文翻译：

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营养补充剂治疗暴力和攻击行为：系统综述

教养和精神病学环境中的侵略相对普遍，对囚犯/服务对象和工作人员的身心健康以及组织层面的职能均产生负面影响。本研究的目的是严格审查营养补充剂在减少侵略和暴力方面的有效性的证据，以有助于更好地理解可用于管理成年人攻击性行为的方法。搜索EMBASE，MEDLINE，PsycINFO，Cochrane库和PubMed数据库，以查找直到2020年3月之前以英语发布的有效性研究。使用混合方法评估工具评估了研究质量。共有14项研究符合纳入标准；调查了2种微量营养素，研究了10种常量营养素，而另外2个研究了微量营养素和大量营养素的组合。在14项研究中，有5项报告了营养补充的有益作用（ω-3脂肪酸，维生素/矿物质，S-腺苷-l-蛋氨酸或色氨酸）。有五项研究没有报告营养补充的显着有益作用（ω-3脂肪酸，叶酸，色氨酸，含有维生素和脂肪酸的广泛补充剂以及丙戊酸对脂肪酸的补充作用），而四项研究则报道了混合的作用（在l色氨酸，广泛的微量营养素配方，叶酸和omega-3脂肪酸上）。总体结果表明，该领域的研究尚处于起步阶段：很少有研究检查相同营养补充剂的成分，而当他们这样做时，结果是矛盾的。讨论了现有研究的方法学缺陷和未来研究的方向，以促进在营养精神病学这个不断发展的领域中的高质量研究。