Melt-castable energetic materials are utilized in a wide variety of civilian and military applications, such as construction, demolition, underwater blasting, mining, oil well perforation, and military munitions. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a traditionally-applied melt-castable explosive; however, its low physical-performance output, environmental pollution characteristics, and safety issues restrict its further development towards future industrial applications. This review addresses advances in the design, synthesis, and characterization of new melt-castable energetic materials featuring fluorine, gem-dinitrofluoroethyl, and nitrate ester groups as well as the nitrofurazan and 1,2,4-oxadizaole skeletons, which have led to the development of novel high-performance TNT candidates between 2012 and 2020.

可熔融浇铸的高能材料被广泛用于民用和军事应用，例如建筑，拆除，水下爆破，采矿，油井射孔和军事弹药。2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）是一种传统应用的可熔铸炸药。但是，它的低物理性能输出，环境污染特性和安全问题限制了它在未来工业应用中的进一步发展。这项审查涉及设计，合成，和表征具有氟，宝石-二硝基氟乙基和硝酸酯基团的新的可熔铸的高能材料以及硝呋喃山和1,2,4-氧杂氮杂环戊烷骨架的进展，在2012年至2020年之间开发新型高性能TNT候选人。