Open innovation (OI) is an important phenomenon in a global marketplace where knowledge is distributed and individual firms no longer have a monopoly on the best talent. As firms increasingly search for innovative external ideas and solutions, an obvious problem is how to source high-quality contributions externally. A more specific problem is how firms motivate in-bound, non-pecuniary contributions for important activities like customer co-creation, where market-based transactions are not appropriate. A proliferation of papers on OI highlights the need for an integrative review about what motivates individuals to contribute ideas for free, and how firms can use this knowledge to achieve their OI goals. This paper presents a review of the disparate studies on the motivation of individuals to participate in open innovation without immediate monetary gain. We identify 11 distinct individual motivational factors, and find that many initially intrinsic motivations are linked to payoffs for contributors that only accrue with time - something we term ‘delayed-pecuniary motivation’. We use our findings to build a framework that illustrates the importance of this temporal view of OI motivations and we suggest interventions to engage contributors for different kinds of innovation problems.

开放式创新（OI）是在全球市场中的一个重要现象，在该市场中，知识得以分发，各个公司不再拥有对最佳人才的垄断。随着公司越来越多地寻求创新的外部想法和解决方案，一个明显的问题是如何从外部获取高质量的贡献。一个更具体的问题是，在基于市场的交易不合适的情况下，公司如何激励诸如客户共同创造之类的重要活动进行入站的，非金钱的捐助。有关OI的论文激增，凸显出需要进行全面审查的动机，这些动机是什么促使个人免费提供想法，以及公司如何利用这些知识来实现​​其OI目标。本文介绍了有关个人参与开放创新而没有立即获得金钱收益的动机的不同研究的综述。我们确定了11个不同的个体动机因素，并发现许多最初的内在动机与仅随着时间而增加的贡献者的收益相关联-我们称之为“延迟金钱动机”。我们使用我们的发现建立了一个框架，该框架说明了OI动机这种时空观的重要性，并建议采取干预措施以吸引不同类型的创新问题的贡献者。