Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells have received global attention, and their upscaling to perovskite solar modules under ambient conditions merits investigation. Herein, an upscaled mini-module consisting of five serially interconnected cells demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 6.18% measured on an aperture area of 10.4 cm². The perovskite photovoltaic mini-module with an inverted configuration is realized on a 5 × 5.5 cm² ITO glass substrate using a technique combining ultrasonic spray-coating of both the NiO_x hole transport layer (HTL) and perovskite photoabsorber layer with mechanical scribing for module patterning. The influence of the post-annealing duration (3, 5, 8, 10, and 15 min) of the spray-coated NiO_x films under optimized fabrication conditions of the perovskite mini-module is investigated. The bulk properties of the NiO_x thin films as functions of annealing time and their interfacial properties with methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) are comprehensively discussed. The use of spray-coating to assemble the NiO_x HTL/perovskite photoactive layer of the mini-module demonstrate the significant potential of this technique to facilitate scalable production of perovskite-based photovoltaic modules.

有机-无机卤化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池受到了全球关注，在环境条件下将其升级为钙钛矿太阳能电池组件值得研究。在此，由五个串联互连的电池组成的高档微型模块显示出在10.4 cm ²的孔径面积上测得的功率转换效率为6.18％。采用结合了NiO _x空穴传输层（HTL）和钙钛矿光吸收层的超声喷涂以及模块机械刻划的技术，在5×5.5 cm ² ITO玻璃基板上实现了具有倒置结构的钙钛矿光伏微型模块。图案化。喷涂NiO _x的后退火时间（3、5、8、10和15分钟）的影响研究了钙钛矿微型组件在最佳制造条件下的薄膜。全面讨论了NiO _x薄膜的体积性质与退火时间的关系以及它们与甲基铵碘化铅（MAPbI ₃）的界面性质。使用喷涂来组装微型模块的NiO _x HTL /钙钛矿光敏层证明了该技术的巨大潜力，可促进可伸缩生产基于钙钛矿的光伏模块。