The climate and weather dynamics in the past few years has driven a massive increase in the number and intensity of flood disasters, which severely claim casualties in human, goods and properties. Aimed to reduce these casualties, emerging software-defined internet protocol-based communication technologies in the form of Internet of Things (IoT) have attracted strong interests from disaster mitigation stakeholders to rapidly locate victims and acquire their relevant information, which in turn can boost up the efficiency and effectiveness of Search and Rescue (SAR) missions. In order to capture state-of-the-art development and technological challenges, this paper presents an extensive review on the flood SAR systems, highlighting some of the key emerging IoT technologies that prove or are potentially useful in improving the SAR operation by the rescuers. Furthermore, a comprehensive study on different existing communication technologies for SAR is provided, covering the system architecture, communication network compositions and applications. Based on the critical analysis of existing works, this paper puts forward a proposal on an IoT-aided integrated flood management framework to support SAR in the flood-catchment areas, leveraging upon three-domain (ground, water and air) collaborative wireless networks.

过去几年中的气候和天气动态导致洪水灾害的数量和强度大大增加，洪水灾害严重造成人员，财产和财产的伤亡。为了减少这些人员伤亡，以物联网（IoT）形式出现的基于软件定义的基于Internet协议的通信技术吸引了减灾利益相关者的浓厚兴趣，可以快速找到受害者并获取他们的相关信息，从而反过来可以提振人们的生命。搜索和救援（SAR）任务的效率和有效性。为了捕捉最新的发展和技术挑战，本文对洪水SAR系统进行了广泛的回顾，重点介绍了一些关键的新兴物联网技术，这些技术已证明或可能对改善救援人员的SAR操作有用。此外，还对SAR现有的不同通信技术进行了全面的研究，涵盖了系统架构，通信网络组成和应用。在对现有工作进行批判性分析的基础上，本文提出了一种基于物联网的综合洪水管理框架的建议，该框架应利用三域（地面，水和空中）协作无线网络来支持集水区的SAR。