A modified triaxial shear test apparatus was used to investigate the factors influencing the onset of suffusion (migration of fine particles from soil without a change in volume) and suffosion (migration of fine particles from soil with a change in volume or a local collapse of the soil structure). A new criterion was developed to predict the seepageincited internal instability phenomena of suffusion or suffosion. A flexible wall permeameter, a seepage flow control system, and volume change measurement instrumentation were designed and manufactured for the study.

中文翻译：

---

间隙梯度土壤的起伏和塌陷评估的试验研究

使用改进的三轴剪切试验仪来研究影响浮吸（细颗粒从土壤中迁移而体积不变）和窒息（细颗粒从土壤中迁移而体积或局部塌陷）的影响因素。土壤结构）。开发了新的标准来预测渗水或窒息的渗水诱发的内部不稳定性现象。为研究设计和制造了挠性壁渗透仪，渗流控制系统和体积变化测量仪器。