Herbicides are the most effective tool against weed flora in cereal crops that help to maintain and increase crop yields. This investigation was conducted in the winter season of 2018 to study the stress effect of three post-emergence herbicides including pinoxaden, tribenuron-methyl, and pyroxsulam on the biochemical changes at the molecular cell level of wheat. These herbicides were applied either lonely with a rate of 0.45 L.ha⁻¹, 22.5 gm.ha⁻¹, and 0.16 Ib a.i/A, respectively, or in combinations together on three Egyptian varieties of bread wheat known as Misr 1, Giza17 1, and Gemmiza 11. Firstly, the abovementioned herbicides were used at the recommended and half recommended doses with their combinations for these varieties to investigate DNA-protein linkage as a signal effect of herbicides at the molecular cell level.

Our data showed that the treatment of wheat varieties with the tested herbicides induced new bands with low and high molecular weights of 37.49, 40.08, 146.55, and 147.23 KDa with relative mobility of 0.1574, 0.1603, 0.2166, and 0.2168, respectively. These bands were not presented in the control treatment, suggesting that it might be used as a biochemical marker for plant defense genes. Meanwhile, the control treatment exhibited only five or six bands in the three varieties. However, the tested varieties showed that the same number of bands, the molecular weights of bands, and their relative mobility were significantly varied between the single and the combinations treatment of herbicides. The best treatment was achieved by the combination between pinoxaden and tribenuron-methyl at a recommended dose which induced a large number of protein bands compared to the control treatment on the wheat variety cv. Misr 1, which gave one band with low molecular weight 71.44 KDa at R_f 0.1854 and other with the highest molecular weight 147.23 KDa at R_f 0.2168, compared to the control treatment.

除草剂是对抗谷物作物中杂草丛生的最有效工具，有助于维持和增加作物产量。这项研究是在2018年冬季进行的，目的是研究三种发芽后除草剂Pinoxaden，Tribenuron-methyl和pyroxsulam对小麦分子细胞水平上生化变化的胁迫效应。这些除草剂施加要么孤独0.45 L.ha的速率^-1，22.5 gm.ha ^-1和分别为0.16 Ib ai / A或组合使用的三种埃及面包小麦品种，分别称为Misr 1，Giza17 1和Gemmiza11。首先，上述除草剂以推荐剂量和一半推荐剂量及其组合使用为这些品种研究DNA-蛋白质的连接作为除草剂在分子细胞水平上的信号作用。

我们的数据表明，用测试的除草剂处理小麦品种会诱导出新的条带，其低和高分子量分别为37.49、40.08、146.55和147.23 KDa，相对迁移率分别为0.1574、0.1603、0.2166和0.2168。这些条带未出现在对照处理中，表明它可用作植物防御基因的生化标记。同时，对照处理在三个品种中仅表现出五个或六个条带。然而，测试的品种显示相同的条带数，条带的分子量及其相对迁移率在除草剂的单一处理和组合处理之间有很大差异。最佳处理是通过在推荐剂量下将虫草定和甲基苯磺隆合用，与小麦品种cv的对照处理相比，诱导了许多蛋白条带。Misr 1，在R处给出一个低分子量71.44 KDa的条带_˚F 0.1854和其他具有最高分子量147.23道尔顿在r _˚F 0.2168，与对照相比，治疗。