Summary Material remains of harness elements from different parts of the Roman Empire have contributed to a new interpretation of the harness depicted on funerary reliefs of the second-third centuries AD from north-western Europe and on other figured documents, such as Trajan's Column in Rome (dedicated in 113 AD). As recent experimental reconstruction has shown, the curved wooden plaques, held firmly in place by a metal bow, may have formed a precedent for the collar and hames developed during the Middle Ages into the form still in use today. The most important innovation was the introduction – no later than the second century AD – of single draught between shafts, replacing traditional paired draught with pole and yoke. There is even some evidence that other elements of modern harness, such as traces and the whippletree, hitherto considered to be medieval inventions, were also known during the period of the Roman Empire.

中文翻译：

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罗马世界线束和制图的发展

总结来自罗马帝国不同地区的线束元素的材料残骸，对对线束的新解释做出了贡献，这些线束描绘了来自西北欧的第二个三世纪的葬礼，以及其他有图形的文献，例如罗马的图拉真专栏。 （专用于公元113年）。正如最近的实验重建所表明的那样，弯曲的木匾通过金属弓牢固地固定在适当的位置，这可能为中世纪时期发展为今天仍在使用的形式的项圈和子形成了先例。最重要的创新是在公元二世纪之前引入了竖井之间的单吃水深度，用极和磁轭代替了传统的成对吃水深度。甚至有证据表明，现代控制装置的其他元素，例如痕迹和鞭打树，