Abstract This study offers a discussion of the dangers to the stability of political systems in consolidated democracies posed by contemporary populism, with a particular focus on the dynamic development of extreme right-wing populism. The author considers the consequences of efficient populist campaigns, such as Brexit in Great Britain, lowered trust towards the United States under Trump’s administration and practices followed by the Law and Justice party (PiS) under the leadership of Jarosław Kaczyński in Poland, which seem especially destructive for liberal democracy. Further examples are those of Hungary and Turkey, where the political systems have eroded into semi-consolidated democracy in the case of the former and an authoritarian system in the latter case. A comparative analysis of freedom indices indicates some dangers related to de-consolidation of the democratic system in Poland. Furthermore, the study points out dangers arising from the transformation of soft populism, understood as communication rhetoric oriented towards the concentration of power in the hands of populist leaders, which clearly paves the way for the dismantling of consolidated democracy in favour of an authoritarian system. The conclusions of the study outlines a variety of actions which can be undertaken to protect the achievements of liberal democracy.

中文翻译：

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民粹主义是巩固民主国家不稳定的因素

摘要这项研究讨论了当代民粹主义对巩固民主国家政治体系稳定的危害，特别关注极端右翼民粹主义的动态发展。作者认为，有效的民粹主义运动的后果，例如英国的英国退欧，在特朗普的行政管理和实践之后降低了对美国的信任，其次是波兰的贾罗斯瓦夫·卡钦斯基（JarosławKaczyński）领导的法律和正义党（PiS）。破坏自由民主。匈牙利和土耳其的例子更多，前者的政治体系已沦为半巩固的民主，后者的政治体系已沦为专制制度。对自由指数的比较分析表明，与波兰民主制度的瓦解有关的某些危险。此外，该研究指出了软民粹主义的转变所带来的危险，后者被理解为是针对民粹主义领导人手中的权力集中的交流言论，显然为为支持专制制度而瓦解巩固民主铺平了道路。该研究的结论概述了可以采取的保护自由民主成就的各种行动。这显然为支持专制制度的瓦解巩固民主铺平了道路。该研究的结论概述了可以采取的保护自由民主成就的各种行动。这显然为支持专制制度的瓦解巩固民主铺平了道路。该研究的结论概述了可以采取的保护自由民主成就的各种行动。