On Saturday, Oct 17, 1903, thousands gathered as Texas Governor Samuel W T Lanham formally opened San Antonio TX's annual International Exposition Fair San Antonio officials and merchants expected 1903's attendance to exceed that of the previous year despite the outbreak of yellow fever, also referred to as "the black vomit," along the Texas border with Mexico It took San Antonians by surprise when Governor Lanham, a few days after the opening of the fair, signed a state quarantine proclamation against their city The proclamation set up clashes among state and local officials that would extend throughout the fall of 1903 Municipal and state officials had battled yellow fever for decades utilizing quarantines aspect of the city's economy The quarantine, locals believed, would harm the city's reputation as a healthful destination As the recent coronavirus pandemic has shown, striking a balance between public health measures and economic interests remains difficult and contentious

中文翻译：

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“我们当地的卫生委员会断言圣安东尼奥不存在任何类型的流行病”：1903 年黄热病检疫中的州与地方专业知识

1903 年 10 月 17 日星期六，成千上万的人聚集在一起，德克萨斯州州长塞缪尔 WT Lanham 正式为德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市一年一度的国际博览会开幕，圣安东尼奥市官员和商人预计，尽管黄热病爆发，但 1903 年的出席人数仍将超过前一年。作为“黑色呕吐物”，沿着德克萨斯州与墨西哥的边界 当州长兰哈姆在博览会开幕几天后签署了一项针对他们城市的州检疫公告时，圣安东尼人感到惊讶。该公告在州和地方之间引发了冲突1903 年秋天，市政府和州政府官员利用城市经济的隔离措施与黄热病作斗争了几十年，当地人认为隔离会损害这座城市”作为健康目的地的声誉 正如最近的冠状病毒大流行所表明的那样，在公共卫生措施和经济利益之间取得平衡仍然困难和有争议