Abstract This article revisits the notion of distinctive features used in linguistic semantics, through which this discipline converges with semiotics. Applied to grammar, traits make it possible to characterize notional categories and the links between them. These links are empirically demonstrated by the regularities in typological variation and in diachronic evolution. New data are provided explaining the passage from one category to another, in particular from indefinites to negation proper. The approach makes it possible to identify the features and notional categories that structure the semantics of grammar across languages.

中文翻译：

---

语法手册，打字学和变革历史学

摘要本文重新探讨了语言语义学中使用的独特特征的概念，该学科通过这种特征与符号学融合。在语法中，特质使表征类别和类别之间的联系成为可能。这些联系在类型变异和历时演变中的规律性得到了经验证明。提供了新的数据，解释了从一种类别到另一种类别的过渡，尤其是从不确定性到否定性。该方法使识别跨语言语法结构的特征和概念类别成为可能。