A large number of studies show that degree of socio-economic inequality ‘within’ a social entity negatively determines levels of well-being and life expectancy, and is positively associated with morbidity and mortality. This relationship holds over and above the impact of average income level. This initially suggested model put forward a causal flow with mediating variables of ‘relative deprivation’ and followed it up with the expressions of ‘social capital’ in the social psychological sense. This article tests, besides these, the role of an additional (relatively little referred to) mediating set of variables between economic inequality and measures of well-being and health, namely levels of physical investments by society (physical social capital [PHSC]) for fulfilling its individual members’ needs. It is proposed that the higher the level of inequality, the lower would be a society’s investments in PHSC (such as in education, health services, job creation, ecology conservation, public transportation and the like) that contribute to health, well-being and survival. The proposition is tested out in two kinds of kibbutz communities: one, ‘traditional’ with strong adherence to social and economic equality among members; and another, ‘transformed’ kibbutzim, where salaries are differential and are based on position or occupation. The two groups of kibbutzim were roughly equated on size, years since settlement, political belonging, economic standing and geographical location. Findings show that the degree of inequality is associated with the level of both psychosocial social capital and PHSC, which in turn contribute independently and cumulatively to levels of peoples’ health and well-being. Transformed kibbutzim are seen as an expression of neoliberal ideology results in the negative effects on health and well-being of individuals and their communities.

中文翻译：

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物质社会资本和社会心理社会资本作为以色列基布兹人口社会经济不平等与幸福与健康表现之间的调停者

大量研究表明，社会实体内部的社会经济不平等程度对幸福感和预期寿命有负面影响，并与发病率和死亡率呈正相关。这种关系超越了平均收入水平的影响。这个最初提出的模型提出了带有“相对剥夺”的中介变量的因果关系流，并在社会心理学意义上跟随了“社会资本”的表达。除此以外，本文还测试了一组额外的（相对较少提及）的中介作用，这些中介变量在经济不平等与幸福感和健康程度之间进行调节，即社会对物质的投资水平（物质社会资本[PHSC]）满足其个人成员的需求。建议不平等程度越高，社会对PHSC（如在教育，卫生服务，创造就业机会，生态保护，公共交通等方面）的投资对健康，福祉和健康的贡献就越小。生存。该提议在两种集体农户社区中得到了检验：一种是“传统”社区，在成员之间坚守社会和经济平等。另一个是“转换后的”基布兹，其薪水是不同的，并根据职位或职业而定。两组集体农庄的规模，定居距离，政治归属，经济地位和地理位置大致相等。研究结果表明，不平等程度与社会心理社会资本和PHSC的水平有关，反过来，它们又可以独立累积地为人们的健康和福祉做出贡献。转换后的基布兹被视为新自由主义意识形态的一种表达，对个人及其社区的健康和福祉产生负面影响。