What is the appropriate way to respond to actions that break basic norms of respectfulness, sincerity, and public-mindedness? At the same time as this question has become a central concern for democratic societies, a ‘systemic’ turn has unsettled established solutions for democratic theorists. From the systemic perspective, it is more important how actions contribute to public discourse than whether they meet standards of deliberation individually. This article challenges theorists to consider three additional propositions: (1) to be inclusive and deliberative, the system and its parts must be mutually supportive; (2) well-performing systems have sufficient reflective capacity to examine their own deficiencies when violations of basic norms occur; and (3) the performance of a deliberative system needs to take into account both the frequency of violations and the reflective qualities of the system’s response. For a well-performing system, violations of basic norms are opportunities to learn and strengthen the support for spaces of deliberation.

中文翻译：

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违反基本审议规范：系统性转向和包容性问题

对违反尊重、真诚和公共意识的基本规范的行为做出反应的适当方式是什么？在这个问题已成为民主社会的核心关注点的同时，“系统性”转向也动摇了民主理论家的既定解决方案。从系统的角度来看，行动如何为公共话语做出贡献比它们是否符合单独的审议标准更为重要。本文挑战理论家考虑另外三个命题：（1）要具有包容性和协商性，系统及其部分必须相互支持；(2) 表现良好的系统有足够的反思能力，在违反基本规范时检查自身的不足；(3) 协商系统的性能需要考虑违规的频率和系统响应的反映质量。对于一个运行良好的系统，违反基本规范是学习和加强对审议空间的支持的机会。