“Whistleblowing” has entered the scholarly and the public debate as a way of describing the exposure by the member of an organization of episodes of corruption, fraud, or general abuses of power within the organization. We offer a critical survey of the main normative theories of whistleblowing in the current debate in political philosophy, with the illustrative aid of one of the epitomic figures of a whistleblower of our time: Edward Snowden. After conceptually separating whistleblowing from other forms of wrongdoing disclosures, we introduce and discuss two families of normative views of this practice: the “Extrema Ratio” and the “Deontic” views. We show how the two views can be usefully considered in tandem to offer an all-round assessment of the moral justification of whistleblowing either as an extraordinary individual conscientious act of indictment or as an ordinary dutiful organizational practice of answerability that enables the capacity of self-correction of an organization.

中文翻译：

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举报理论

“举报”已经进入了学术界和公众的辩论，以此描述组织成员暴露于组织内腐败，欺诈或普遍滥用权力的情况。在当前政治哲学辩论中，我们对举报的主要规范性理论进行了批判性调查，并借助了我们这个时代举报者的流行病学人物之一爱德华·斯诺登的插图。在将举报与其他形式的不当行为披露从概念上分开之后，我们介绍并讨论了这种做法的两种规范性观点：“极值比率”和“极权主义”观点。