In a recent paper, Thomas Szanto (Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 2019) develops an account of hatred, according to which the target of this attitude, paradigmatically, is a representative of a group or a class. On this account, hatred overgeneralises its target, has a blurred affective focus, is co-constituted by an outgroup/ingroup distinction, and is accompanied by a commitment for the subject to stick to the hostile attitude. While this description captures an important form of hatred, this paper claims that it does not do justice to the paradigmatic cases of this attitude. The paper puts forward a “singularist” view of hatred, the core idea of which is that, in its simpler form, hatred is to aversively target the other qua this individual person, where the adverb “aversively” expresses the subject’s desire for the target to be annihilated. The conclusion develops some general considerations on the distinction between paradigmatic and marginal instances of an attitude by highlighting its importance for the study of affective phenomena.

在最近的一篇论文中，Thomas Szanto（现象学和认知科学，2019 年）发展了一种仇恨的解释，根据这种态度，从范式上讲，这种态度的目标是一个群体或一个阶级的代表。因此，仇恨对其目标过于概括，情感焦点模糊，由外群体/内群体区别共同构成，并伴随着对主体坚持敌对态度的承诺。虽然这种描述捕捉到了一种重要的仇恨形式，但本文声称它并没有正确对待这种态度的典型案例。本文提出的仇恨“singularist”视图，它的核心思想是，在其简单的形式，仇恨是aversively针对其他QUA这个人，副词“厌恶地”表达了主语希望目标被消灭的愿望。结论通过强调态度对研究情感现象的重要性，对态度的范式和边缘实例之间的区别进行了一些一般性考虑。