The reforms to Britain’s electoral system between 1867 and 1885 significantly changed how elections were fought. By the end of the process the House of Commons was elected from constituencies of roughly equal size, with larger cities and counties subdivided. There were limits to how much candidates could spend on their election campaign, which helped to reduce corruption through bribery and treating. While there was no manhood (let alone universal adult) suffrage, there was now a mass electorate to which the parties needed to appeal in order to win elections.

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1880-1910 年英格兰的政党、代理人和选举文化。通过凯瑟琳·里克斯。伍德布里奇：皇家历史学会的博伊德尔出版社。2016. xi, 278 页。£50.00。ISBN 9780861933402。

1867 年至 1885 年间对英国选举制度的改革极大地改变了选举的进行方式。到该过程结束时，下议院从大致相等的选区中选出，较大的市和县被细分。候选人可以在竞选活动上花费多少是有限的，这有助于减少通过贿赂和待遇的腐败。While there was no manhood (let alone universal adult) suffrage, there was now a mass electorate to which the parties needed to appeal in order to win elections.