In Western Thrace in Greece, a legacy of the Ottoman Empire survives in the form of religious law (Sharia). This article examines how international human rights law has approached the compatibility of such religious laws with modern human rights instruments and particularly with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It portrays the situation on Western Thrace within the wider historical, legal and social contexts of Muslims in Greece. It explains how the ‘Muslims in Western Thrace’ came to be identified as a particular legal minority, why Sharia continued to be applied to them and only to them, and examines their contemporary legal and human rights status. There follows an extensive critique of the judgment of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights in Molla Sali v. Greece in December 2018. Although the narrow factual issue in the case concerned inheritance rights, the case raised general issues concerning the individual as the central subject of human rights law and the relationship between individual and minority rights protection. The article concludes by reflecting on the place of individual consent within a human rights framework and the systemic implications of the Molla Sali case with respect to the possible future of Sharia in the social and legal spaces of the ECHR.

中文翻译：

---

欧洲的伊斯兰教法？奥斯曼帝国的遗产和欧洲人权公约

在希腊的西色雷斯，奥斯曼帝国的遗产以宗教法（伊斯兰教法）的形式存在。本文探讨了国际人权法如何处理此类宗教法与现代人权文书的兼容性问题，尤其是与欧洲人权公约 (ECHR) 的兼容性问题。它在希腊穆斯林更广泛的历史、法律和社会背景下描绘了西色雷斯的情况。它解释了“西色雷斯的穆斯林”如何被确定为特定的合法少数群体，为什么伊斯兰教法继续适用于他们并且只适用于他们，并检查了他们当代的法律和人权状况。2018 年 12 月，欧洲人权法院大法庭在 Molla Sali 诉希腊案中的判决受到广泛批评。本案虽然狭义的事实问题涉及继承权，但本案提出了个人作为人权法中心主体以及个人与少数人权利保护关系的一般性问题。文章最后反思了个人同意在人权框架内的地位，以及 Molla Sali 案对 ECHR 社会和法律空间中伊斯兰教法可能的未来的系统性影响。