Abstract While demonstratives typically signal aspects of the spatial configuration of speech act participants and objects in the speech situation, intersubjective parameters, such as the attentional state of the interlocutor, have recently gained importance in the analysis of such forms. Several systems have been described in which the use of certain forms is conditioned by shared vs. non-shared attention towards a referent. Phenomena of this kind have recently been considered under the notion of ‘engagement’, i.e. the expression of a speaker’s assumptions about the knowledge or attention of their interlocutor (Evans et al. 2018a, b). The present study contributes to the ongoing investigation of engagement by a descriptive account of demonstratives in Kogi (Chibchan). It is argued that the use of certain (ad)nominal forms that were initially associated with addressee proximity cannot be accounted for in merely spatial terms. The paper proposes a novel analysis in terms of engagement and shows that the forms apply when a referent is in the attention of, or is known to both interlocutors. Evidence in support of this comes from elicited data as well as an interactive matching game in which attentional states of participants can be observed.

中文翻译：

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科吉示威和参与

摘要虽然指示词通常表示语音环境中言语行为参与者和对象的空间配置方面，但主体间参数（例如对话者的注意状态）最近在分析此类形式时变得越来越重要。已经描述了几种系统，其中某些形式的使用取决于对被指对象的共同关注与非共同关注。最近，这种现象被认为是“参与”的概念，即表达说话者对对话者的知识或注意力的假设（Evans等人，2018a，b）。本研究通过描述科吉（Chibchan）的示威者，为参与的持续调查做出了贡献。有人争辩说，最初与收件人接近相关的某些（名词）形式的使用不能仅仅从空间上考虑。该论文提出了一种关于参与度的新颖分析方法，并显示了当对话者注意到或被两个对话者都知道时，该表格才适用。支持这一点的证据来自引出的数据以及可以观察到参与者注意力状态的交互式匹配游戏。