Care is more than dispensing pills or cleaning beds. It is about responding to the entire patient. What is called “bedside manner” in medical personnel is a quality of treating the patient not as a mechanism but as a being—much like the caregiver—with desires, ideas, dreams, aspirations, and the gamut of mental and emotional character. As automata, answering an increasing functional need in care, are designed to enact care, the pressure is on their becoming more humanlike to carry out the function more effectively. The question becomes not merely whether the care automaton can effect good bedside manner but whether the patient’s response is not feeling deceived by the humanlikeness. It seems the device must be designed either to effect explicit mere human-“likeness,” thus likely undermining its bedside-manner potential, or to fool the patient completely. Neither option is attractive. This article examines the social problems of designing maximally humanlike care automata and how problems may start to erode the human rights of users/patients. The article then investigates the alternatives for dealing with this problem, whether by industrial and professional self-regulation or public-policy initiatives. It then frames the problem in the broader historical perspective in terms of previous bans, moratoria, and other means of control of hazardous and potentially rights-violating techniques and materials.

中文翻译：

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Humanlike Care Automata 用户的人权

护理不仅仅是分发药丸或清洁床铺。它是关于对整个患者做出反应。在医务人员中，所谓的“床边态度”是一种品质，不是将患者视为一种机制，而是将其视为具有欲望、想法、梦想、愿望以及精神和情感特征的人——就像护理人员一样。由于自动机满足护理中日益增长的功能需求，旨在制定护理，因此压力在于它们变得更加人性化以更有效地执行功能。问题不仅仅是护理自动机是否可以影响良好的床边态度，而是患者的反应是否没有被人性所欺骗。似乎该设备必须被设计成显式地与人类“相似”，因此可能会破坏其床边方式的潜力，或者完全愚弄病人。这两种选择都没有吸引力。本文探讨了设计最大程度的人性化护理自动机的社会问题，以及问题如何开始侵蚀用户/患者的人权。然后，文章调查了处理这个问题的替代方案，无论是通过行业和专业自律还是公共政策举措。然后，它根据以前的禁令、暂停和其他控制危险和潜在侵犯权利的技术和材料的手段，从更广泛的历史视角来界定问题。然后，文章调查了处理这个问题的替代方案，无论是通过行业和专业自律还是公共政策举措。然后，它根据以前的禁令、暂停和其他控制危险和潜在侵犯权利的技术和材料的手段，从更广泛的历史视角来界定问题。然后，文章调查了处理这个问题的替代方案，无论是通过行业和专业自律还是公共政策举措。然后，它根据以前的禁令、暂停和其他控制危险和潜在侵犯权利的技术和材料的手段，从更广泛的历史视角来界定问题。