: This paper pulls together three debates fundamental in metaphysics and proposes a novel unified approach to them. The three debates are (i) between bundle theory and substrate theory about the nature of objects, (ii) dispositionalism and categoricalism about the nature of properties, and (iii) regularity theory and production theory about the nature of causation. The first part of the paper suggests that although these debates are metaphysical, the considerations motivating competing approaches in each debate tend to be epistemological. The second part argues that the two underlying epistemological pictures supporting these competing views lead to highly unsatisfying conceptions of the world. The final part proposes an alternative epistemological picture, which I call “introverted empiricism,” and presents the way this alternative provides for a more satisfying grasp of the ultimate nature of objects, properties, and causation. It is a consequence of this alternative picture that there is a kind of intimate self-understanding that underlies our understanding of the deep nature

中文翻译：

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内向的形而上学

：本文将形而上学中的三个基本论点汇集在一起​​，并提出了一种新颖的统一方法。这三个争论是（i）关于对象性质的束论和基础理论之间的争论，（ii）关于属性性质的倾向论和分类论，以及（iii）关于因果关系性质的规律性理论和产生论。论文的第一部分表明，虽然这些辩论是形而上学的，但在每次辩论中引发竞争方法的考虑往往是认识论的。第二部分认为，支持这些相互竞争的观点的两个潜在认识论图景导致了非常不令人满意的世界观。最后一部分提出了另一种认识论图景，我称之为“内倾经验主义，”，并介绍了这种替代方法如何更令人满意地掌握对象、属性和因果关系的最终性质。正是这种另类图景的结果是存在一种亲密的自我理解，这是我们对深层本质的理解的基础