Abstract This study investigates the formal variation in elements involved in incorporation structures. Although it has traditionally been assumed that only stems can be incorporated, several languages also show incorporation of formally more complex elements. Most theoretical approaches to incorporation are, however, limited to incorporated stems and the few that do include more complex forms consider the incorporation of simple and complex elements separate processes. The present study, by contrast, recognizes the many shared characteristics between incorporation structures with simple and complex elements and adopts the approach to incorporation advocated in Functional Discourse Grammar, which proposes a unified account of incorporated simple stems, derived stems, inflected words, phrases and clauses. In addition, the study hypothesizes that these forms constitute an implicational hierarchy, i. e., that more complex incorporated elements only occur in languages that also allow the incorporation of all simpler forms. Results from a typological study of incorporated elements in a variety sample of 30 incorporating languages show that all forms except clauses are indeed found incorporated and that the hypothesized implicational pattern holds. The study thus demonstrates that the incorporation of simple and complex elements is interrelated, supporting a unified treatment of incorporated elements of different degrees of complexity.

中文翻译：

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合并形式的形式变化：类型学研究和统一方法

摘要本研究调查了公司结构中涉及的元素的形式变异。尽管传统上一直假设只能合并词干，但是几种语言也显示出形式上更复杂的元素的合并。但是，大多数理论上的合并方法仅限于合并的词干，而少数包含更复杂形式的方法则考虑了将简单元素和复杂元素合并为独立的过程。相比之下，本研究认识到具有简单和复杂元素的合并结构之间的许多共同特征，并采用了功能话语语法中倡导的合并方法，该方法对合并的简单词干，派生词干，变形词，词组和词干进行了统一说明。条款。此外，该研究假设这些形式构成了一个隐含等级。例如，更复杂的合并元素仅以允许合并所有更简单形式的语言出现。对30种并入语言的各种样本中的并入元素进行类型学研究的结果表明，除从句外，所有形式的确都已被并入，并且假设的暗示模式成立。因此，研究表明，简单元素和复杂元素的合并是相互关联的，支持对复杂程度不同的合并元素进行统一处理。对30种并入语言的各种样本中的并入元素进行类型学研究的结果表明，除从句外，所有形式的确都已被并入，并且假设的暗示模式成立。因此，研究表明，简单元素和复杂元素的合并是相互关联的，支持对复杂程度不同的合并元素进行统一处理。对30种并入语言的各种样本中的并入元素进行类型学研究的结果表明，除从句外，所有形式的确都已被并入，并且假设的暗示模式成立。因此，研究表明，简单元素和复杂元素的合并是相互关联的，支持对复杂程度不同的合并元素进行统一处理。