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Individual variation in the development of the Western Vowel System of Utah
Linguistics Vanguard ( IF 0.896 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-22 , DOI: 10.1515/lingvan-2018-0020
David Bowie 1
Affiliation  

Abstract The BIT, BING, BET, BAT, BAN, BOOK, and BUT vowels of ten Utah English speakers (born 1883–1928) were analyzed over the course of several decades of their adult lives. Most speakers participated in the Western Vowel System by lowering BIT and BET, retracting BAT, and raising BAN, with some fronting BOOK and BUT. Speakers generally did not exhibit monotonic change across the years from expected positions for BET, BAT, and BAN, and for the most part for BOOK and BUT; however, most speakers showed change with regard to BIT, though speakers differed from each other on the direction of change. Even for those vowels with no consistent direction of intraindividual change, however, in many cases speakers were inconsistent in their production from year to year. Further, speakers’ envelopes of variation were different for various vowels, with the widest range of intraindividual variation in BET and BAT, less variation in BAN and BUT, and little in BIT and BOOK. It is suggested that the envelope of variation is at least as much as an important issue for studies of linguistic behavior across adulthood as any actual shift in linguistic behavior across real time.

中文翻译:

犹他州西部元音系统发展过程中的个体差异

摘要分析了十个犹他州英语使用者(生于1883年至1928年)在成年后数十年中的BIT,BING,BET,BAT,BAN,BOOK和BUT元音。大多数演讲者通过降低BIT和BET,收回BAT,提高BAN以及一些BOOK和BUT来参与Western Vowel系统。演讲者通常多年来在BET,BAT和BAN的预期职位上没有表现出单调变化,而在BOOK和BUT的大多数情况下,则没有表现出单调的变化。然而,尽管发言者在变化方向上彼此不同,但大多数发言者在双边投资条约方面都表现出了变化。但是,即使对于那些元音变化没有一致的方向的元音,在许多情况下,说话者的年复一年的发音也不一致。此外,不同元音的说话人变化曲线也不同,BET和BAT的个体差异范围最广,BAN和BUT的差异较小,而BIT和BOOK的差异很小。有人认为,变异的范围至少是研究跨成人语言行为的一个重要问题,与跨实时语言行为的任何实际变化一样。
更新日期:2019-06-22
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