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‘Only’ in Nguni: A Phrase-Final Particle Meets Antisymmetry Theory
Linguistic Inquiry ( IF 1.549 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1162/ling_a_00337
Vicki Carstens 1 , Jochen Zeller 2
Affiliation  

This article investigates the syntax of the phrase-final focus particles kuphela and qha ‘only’ in Zulu and Xhosa (Nguni; Bantu). We show that kuphela’s and qha’s associations with a focused constituent respect the complex topography of information structure in Nguni and, like English only, a surface c-command requirement. However, unlike English only, the Zulu and Xhosa particles typically follow the focus associate they c-command, a fact that poses a serious challenge for Kayne’s (1994) antisymmetry theory. We demonstrate that the Nguni facts are incompatible with recent Linear Correspondence Axiom–inspired approaches to phrase-final particles in other languages and, after weighing the merits of several approaches, we conclude that kuphela is an adjunct and that syntax is only weakly antisymmetric: adjuncts are not subject to the LCA.

中文翻译:

词国语中的“仅”:短语末尾粒子符合反对称理论

本文研究了Zulu和Xhosa(Nguni; Bantu)中的短语-最终焦点粒子kuphela和qha'only'的语法。我们表明,具有重要组成部分的kuphela和qha协会尊重Nguni中信息结构的复杂地形,并且仅像英语一样,尊重表面c-command的要求。但是,与仅英语不同,祖鲁语和科萨语粒子通常遵循其c指令的焦点关联,这一事实对凯恩(1994)的反对称理论构成了严峻挑战。我们证明了Nguni事实与其他语言中最新的线性对应公理启发的短语最终粒子化方法不兼容,并且在权衡了几种方法的优点之后,我们得出结论,kuphela是一个辅助词,并且语法仅是弱反对称的:辅助词不受LCA约束。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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