Tensions between Protestants and Catholics persisted throughout nineteenth-century Australia. Historians have tended to examine the part played by the clergy, pressure groups or newspapers in sectarian disputes in the main colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. This article contributes to an understanding of anti-Catholicism in the Australian colonies by focusing on the actions and writings of one Catholic layman, Dr Edward Swarbreck Hall, in mid nineteenth-century Tasmania. To minimise religious hostility, Hall was tolerant towards Protestants, loyal to the British Crown, and worked co-operatively with other creeds in helping the poor. This approach made Catholicism more acceptable to Protestant society until the late 1860s. Thereafter religious divisions became more pronounced with the appointment of Irish Bishop Daniel Murphy, who adopted the authoritarian policies of the papacy and asserted the rights of Catholics. Feeling threatened by Catholic assertion and antagonised by Catholic doctrinal beliefs, Evangelical Protestants expressed anti-Catholic sentiments at public meetings and in newspapers. In showing how Hall defended Catholics when aspersions were cast on their clergymen, their character, or their religious practices, this article concludes that Catholics were not passive victims, but Hall's fierce polemical style worked against his desire for religious peace

中文翻译：

---

天主教的捍卫者：1833-1881 年在塔斯马尼亚的 Edward Swarbreck Hall 博士

新教徒和天主教徒之间的紧张关系在整个 19 世纪的澳大利亚持续存在。历史学家倾向于研究神职人员、压力团体或报纸在新南威尔士州和维多利亚州主要殖民地的宗派争端中所起的作用。本文通过关注 19 世纪中叶塔斯马尼亚的一位天主教门外汉 Edward Swarbreck Hall 博士的行为和著作，有助于理解澳大利亚殖民地的反天主教。为了尽量减少宗教敌意，霍尔对新教徒持宽容态度，忠于英国王室，并与其他信条合作帮助穷人。这种方法使天主教在 1860 年代后期之前更为新教社会所接受。此后，随着爱尔兰主教丹尼尔墨菲的任命，宗教分歧变得更加明显，他们采用了教皇的专制政策并维护了天主教徒的权利。福音派新教徒感到受到天主教主张的威胁和天主教教义的反对，在公开集会和报纸上表达了反天主教的情绪。在展示当天主教徒受到诽谤时，霍尔如何为天主教徒、他们的性格或他们的宗教实践辩护，本文得出的结论是，天主教徒不是被动的受害者，但霍尔激烈的论战风格违背了他对宗教和平的渴望