Since the eighteenth century, but with increased dynamism in the twentieth century, calls on consumers to buy national products have proliferated all around the world. This article discusses which historical constellations have given rise to the demand for patriotic shopping. Each case raises the question whether the demand was voiced within the framework of a broad national movement with political, cultural, and economic goals or was rather a case of business interest groups attempting to increase sales. These are not mutually exclusive alternatives: calls to buy national have often entailed an element of both. However, some have more the character of a movement beyond the immediate control of business groups, while others are just a promotional campaign. All in all, the demand for nationally minded consumption has mostly sought to establish business as deserving the solidarity of citizens. It has also displayed a patriarchal and authoritarian bent. But have such exhortations produced the desired effect? It is doubtful that any buy national campaign or movement has fundamentally changed the shopping patterns of consumers, at least if we discount physical violence and short-term success. Yet the call for patriotic consumption has often prepared the discursive ground for protectionist measures. As an effort to promote consent, they have tied into the hegemonic project of the capitalist nation state.

中文翻译：

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购买民族运动：爱国购物和资本主义民族国家

自 18 世纪以来，随着 20 世纪活力的增加，呼吁消费者购买民族产品的呼声在世界各地激增。本文讨论了哪些历史星座引起了爱国购物的需求。每个案例都提出了这样一个问题：需求是在具有政治、文化和经济目标的广泛国家运动的框架内表达的，还是商业利益集团试图增加销售额的案例。这些并不是相互排斥的替代方案：购买国民产品的呼吁往往包含两者的要素。然而，有些运动更像是一场超出商业团体直接控制的运动，而有些则只是一场促销活动。总而言之，对具有民族意识的消费的需求主要是寻求建立值得公民团结的企业。它还表现出重男轻女和专制的倾向。但这样的劝诫是否产生了预期的效果？值得怀疑的是，任何一次全国性的购买运动或运动是否从根本上改变了消费者的购物模式，至少如果我们不考虑身体暴力和短期成功的话。然而，爱国消费的呼声往往为保护主义措施提供了话语基础。作为促进同意的努力，它们与资本主义民族国家的霸权计划联系在一起。但这样的劝诫是否产生了预期的效果？值得怀疑的是，任何一次全国性的购买运动或运动是否从根本上改变了消费者的购物模式，至少如果我们不考虑身体暴力和短期成功的话。然而，爱国消费的呼声往往为保护主义措施提供了话语基础。作为促进同意的努力，它们与资本主义民族国家的霸权计划联系在一起。但这样的劝诫是否产生了预期的效果？值得怀疑的是，任何一次全国性的购买运动或运动是否从根本上改变了消费者的购物模式，至少如果我们不考虑身体暴力和短期成功的话。然而，爱国消费的呼声往往为保护主义措施提供了话语基础。作为促进同意的努力，它们与资本主义民族国家的霸权计划联系在一起。