In this article, I examine the intrusion of the Spanish preposition de into the languages of Mexico. Following Matras and Sakel (2007), I apply the distinction of matter (mat) and pattern (pat). The exploration of the 35 Archivo de lenguas indígenas de México publications which serve as a comparable database shows that Chontal, Mexicanero, Nahuatl de Acaxochitlán, Otomi, Yucatec, Zoque, and Zapotec, have borrowed de or a variant thereof. All languages give evidence of combined mat/pat-borrowing, while five of the seven languages also exhibit mat-borrowing only. The results demonstrate that none of the replica languages fully complies with the Spanish pattern regarding the usage of de. Indeed, it is essential to identify the functional domain of de in each recipient language separately. Further, the findings are briefly reviewed in light of processing factors corroborating the prominent role of frequency in language change.

中文翻译：

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论西班牙语介词 de 对墨西哥语言的侵入

在本文中，我研究了西班牙语介词 de 对墨西哥语言的影响。继 Matras 和 Sakel (2007) 之后，我应用了物质 (mat) 和模式 (pat) 的区别。对作为可比数据库的 35 份 Archivo de lenguas indígenas de México 出版物的探索表明，Chontal、Mexicanero、Nahuatl de Acaxochitlán、Otomi、Yucatec、Zoque 和 Zapotec 借用了 de 或其变体。所有语言都提供了垫/拍组合借用的证据，而七种语言中的五种也仅表现出垫借用。结果表明，没有一种复制语言完全符合关于 de 用法的西班牙语模式。实际上，必须分别识别每种接受语言中 de 的功能域。更多，