Purpose

This paper seeks to increase knowledge of the nature and effectiveness of developmental peer prevention programs, defined as interventions that target change in peer risk and protective factors.

Methods

Three bibliographic databases and the Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development website were searched to identify peer prevention programs. Evaluations of these programs were reviewed to determine if statistical tests were performed to measure change in targeted factors and/or whether changes in targeted factors mediated reductions in antisocial behaviors.

Results

The search identified 33 peer prevention programs, 27 that had evidence of effectiveness in reducing substance use and/or delinquency and 6 that appeared to be ineffective. Peer prevention programs included a diverse set of interventions for children and/or caregivers and comprised individual, classroom, community, family, and multi-component interventions. Most (73%) of the programs had at least one evaluation that assessed change in at least one targeted peer risk or protective factor, but only six (18%) had evaluations that tested for mediation of targeted factors on outcomes.

Conclusion

The findings suggest the utility of broadly defining peer prevention programs to better capture the full range of interventions that seek to reduce antisocial behaviors by changing peer risk and protective factors. Doing so has practical implications and can provide communities with more options for altering peer risk and protective factors. However, additional evaluation of peer prevention programs, including greater use of mediation analyses, is needed to better understand why and how these programs work and to identify implementation factors that may lead to iatrogenic effects.

中文翻译：

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旨在改变同伴风险和保护因素的发展预防计划：评价文献综述

目的

本文力求增加对同龄人预防发展计划的性质和有效性的了解，这些计划被定义为针对同龄人风险和保护因素变化的干预措施。

方法

搜索了三个书目数据库和《健康青年发展蓝图》网站，以确定同伴预防计划。审查了这些程序的评估，以确定是否进行了统计测试以测量目标因素的变化和/或目标因素的变化是否介导了反社会行为的减少。

结果

搜索确定了33个同伴预防计划，其中27个具有减少药物使用和/或犯罪的效果，而6个似乎无效。同伴预防计划包括针对儿童和/或看护者的一系列干预措施，包括个人，教室，社区，家庭和多部分干预措施。大部分计划（73％）至少进行了一项评估，评估了至少一种有针对性的同伴风险或保护因素的变化，但是只有六项（18％）进行了评估，以评估针对性因素对结果的中介作用。

结论

研究结果表明，广泛定义同伴预防计划的目的在于更好地捕获旨在通过改变同伴风险和保护因素来减少反社会行为的所有干预措施。这样做具有实际意义，可以为社区提供更多选择来改变同伴风险和保护因素。但是，需要对同伴预防计划进行更多评估，包括更多地使用调解分析，以更好地理解这些计划的原因和方式，以及确定可能导致医源性影响的实施因素。