This article examines why the decades-old Moro insurgency in Mindanao, southern Philippines, has remained difficult to resolve, and how recent international developments, such as the jihadization of once secular ethno-nationalist movements and the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), have influenced it. The author argues that jihadism made significant inroads in the Moro nationalist struggle already in the 1990s, way before 9/11, and that since 2007, a more moderate Islamism has gained ascendancy. He argues further that the Moro insurgency has remained intractable because of grave errors committed by the Arroyo and Aquino administrations; recurrent outbursts of anti-Moro hysteria incited by demagogic politicians; and a continuing weak third-party role in the Mindanao peace process. He warns that the apparent collapse of the most recent peace pact between the government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) poses the danger of the possible rise of new ISIS-linked jihadist groups.

中文翻译：

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棉兰老岛：民族主义、圣战主义和受挫的和平

本文探讨了为什么菲律宾南部棉兰老岛长达数十年的摩洛叛乱仍然难以解决，以及最近的国际事态发展如何，例如曾经世俗的民族主义运动的圣战化以及伊拉克和叙利亚伊斯兰国的崛起(ISIS)，影响了它。作者认为，早在 90 年代，即 9/11 之前，圣战主义就已经在摩洛民族主义斗争中取得了重大进展，并且自 2007 年以来，更加温和的伊斯兰主义已经占据优势。他进一步辩称，由于阿罗约和阿基诺政府犯下的严重错误，摩洛叛乱仍然难以解决；煽动政治家煽动反摩洛的歇斯底里的反复爆发；以及在棉兰老岛和平进程中第三方作用持续微弱。