The present study focuses on the representation of restoration and postexilic suffering in Josephus’s Antiquities of the Jews . This study first builds upon Feldman’s observations, arguing that Josephus interprets the rebuilding of the Jerusalem temple as the Judean restoration marking the end of exilic judgment. Second, this study examines Josephus’s interpretation of subsequent postexilic oppression and suffering at the hands of foreigners. Josephus interprets this post-restoration suffering through the theological lens of the exile, but not as a continuation or even return to a single “exile” event. Rather, for Josephus, the exile is the archetypal experience of divine judgment for disobedience. Thus subsequent disobedience in the post-restoration age could lead to a repeat of this “sin–punishment” paradigm. Josephus utilizes this repeatable paradigm to explain periods of Jewish suffering after their restoration from exile.

中文翻译：

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约瑟夫斯的流放，恢复和流放后痛苦问题

本研究的重点是在约瑟夫斯的《犹太古迹》中对复原和流亡后苦难的表现。这项研究首先建立在费尔德曼的观察基础上，认为约瑟夫斯将耶路撒冷圣殿的重建解释为犹太人的恢复标志着流放审判的结束。其次，本研究考察了约瑟夫斯对随后流放后的压迫和外国人痛苦的解释。约瑟夫斯（Josephus）通过流放的神学角度来解释这种恢复后的苦难，而不是继续甚至回到单个“流放”事件。相反，对于约瑟夫斯来说，流亡是神圣的不服从审判的原型经验。因此，在恢复后时代的后续抗命可能导致这种“罪恶惩罚”范式的重演。