R Martin Adams’s 1962 Surface and Symbol: The Consistency of James Joyce’s “Ulysses” was the first book to take seriously the underlying reality of “Joyce’s Dublin” in its relation to the work.1 Adams spent time in Dublin, consulted Thom’s Directory very profitably,2 collated carefully the lives and trajectories of several characters in the book with those of their real-life counterparts (some of whom appear in Ulysses under their actual names, some under fictitious ones), and derived considerable enlightenment from observing discrepancies and congruities. A trailblazing effort in this regard was Richard Ellmann’s famous chapter in his Joyce biography, “The Backgrounds of Ulysses.”3 But Adams was the first to delve thoroughly into the background of the work and to “deconstruct,” as we would say today, some of the more mythical and symbolical readings of the text. He brought them back to basics, as it were, back to the world of the Dublin that Joyce knew. Following Adams’s initiative, further studies were undertaken into the actuality, or the factuality, of Joyce’s world: books such as Michael Seidel’s Epic Geography explored how the map of Dublin was overlaid on that of The Odyssey to create a congruence between Homer’s world and that of Bloom.4 Bernard and Shari Benstock’s Who’s He When He’s at Home: A James Joyce Directory was a first attempt at a census of the characters in Ulysses, an exercise that became an increasing preoccupation later.5 Works by R. B. Kershner and Cheryl Herr explored the neglected popular culture of the time, which is such a major substratum of the book.6 And volumes of annotations such as those of Don Gifford and Robert A. Seidman and Sam Slote, Marc A. Mamigonian, and John Turner also contributed substantially to knowledge of the background of Joyce’s fiction.7 More recently, the website James Joyce Online Notes has greatly expanded these investigations: the internet, including resources such as the digitized Irish censuses of 1901 and 1911, has enabled information that was previously undreamed of (take, for one simple instance, the case of Alfred H. Hunter) to become available.8 Vivien Igoe’s The Real People of Joyce’s “Ulysses” is the latest iteration of this ongoing project. Like the Benstocks before her, Igoe uses an alphabetical method to go through not only the characters in the book but many people who are just mentioned. Her range is very wide: the broad rubric “people” reaches as far as Garryowen, the Citizen’s dog (117-19). It includes such recondite figures as Madam Leggett Byrne (U 15.4042-43), Sir Timothy O’Brien (“Timothy of the battered naggin”—U 14.1441), and Mrs. Clyde Twelvetrees (U 12.1267-279)—a James Joyce Quarterly 56.1-2 2018-2019

中文翻译：

---

乔伊斯《尤利西斯》中的真实人物：Vivien Igoe 的传记指南

R 马丁亚当斯 1962 年的表面和符号：詹姆斯乔伊斯的“尤利西斯”的一致性是第一本认真对待“乔伊斯的都柏林”与作品相关的潜在现实的书。 1 亚当斯在都柏林度过了一段时间，咨询汤姆的目录非常有利可图,2 仔细核对书中几个人物的生活和轨迹与他们现实生活中的对手（其中一些以真实姓名出现在尤利西斯，一些以虚构的名字出现），并从观察差异和一致性中获得了相当大的启发。在这方面的开创性努力是理查德·埃尔曼 (Richard Ellmann) 在其乔伊斯传记“尤利西斯的背景”中的著名章节。3 但亚当斯是第一个深入研究作品背景并“解构”的人，正如我们今天所说，对文本的一些更神话和象征性的解读。他将它们带回了基本面，仿佛回到了乔伊斯所了解的都柏林世界。在亚当斯的倡议下，对乔伊斯世界的现实性或事实性进行了进一步的研究：迈克尔·塞德尔的《史诗地理》等书籍探索了都柏林地图如何叠加在奥德赛地图上，以在荷马的世界和Bloom.4 Bernard 和 Shari Benstock 的《他在家时是谁：詹姆斯·乔伊斯目录》是对《尤利西斯》中人物普查的第一次尝试，后来越来越关注这项工作。5 RB Kershner 和 Cheryl Herr 的作品探讨了忽视了当时的流行文化，这是本书的主要基础。6 以及诸如唐·吉福德 (Don Gifford) 和罗伯特·A·塞德曼 (Robert A. Seidman) 和山姆·斯洛特 (Sam Slote)、马克·A·马米格尼 (Marc A. Mamigonian) 和约翰·特纳 (John Turner) 等的大量注释，也对乔伊斯小说的背景知识做出了重大贡献。 7 最近，网站詹姆斯·乔伊斯在线注释极大地扩展了这些调查：互联网，包括 1901 年和 1911 年数字化爱尔兰人口普查等资源，使以前无法想象的信息（以阿尔弗雷德 H. 亨特的案例为例）变得可用。 8 Vivien Igoe 的 The Real People of Joyce 的“尤利西斯”是这个正在进行的项目的最新版本。和她之前的班斯托克一家一样，伊戈用字母表的方式，不仅把书中的人物，还有刚刚提到的很多人都看一遍。她的范围很广：宽泛的“人”一词可以延伸到公民的狗 Garryowen（117-19）。它包括诸如莱格特·伯恩夫人 (U 15.4042-43)、蒂莫西·奥布莱恩爵士 (“受虐狂的蒂莫西”-U 14.1441) 和克莱德·十二维特里斯夫人 (U 12.1267-279)-詹姆斯·乔伊斯56.1-2 2018-2019