The eighteenth century witnessed a flurry of Islamic scholarly exchange, connecting North and West Africa to the Middle East and even India. The Islamic sciences transmitted through these networks have had lasting resonance in Africa, particularly in chains transmitting Ḥadīth and Sufi affiliations. Academics have been justly skeptical as to the actual content of these often short meetings between scholars, suggesting such meetings tell us little about shared scholarly understandings. Study of unpublished manuscripts detailing the acquisition of “secrets” ( asrār ), apparently widespread in these eighteenth-century networks, can add new understanding to the affinities between scholarly legacies emerging in the period. This paper considers such questions in relationship to Aḥmad al-Tijānī (d. 1815, Fez), the founder of the Tijāniyya Sufi order prominent in West Africa today.

中文翻译：

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穆罕默德之道的秘密：18 世纪学术网络中神秘科学的传播

十八世纪见证了一系列伊斯兰学术交流，将北非和西非与中东甚至印度联系起来。通过这些网络传播的伊斯兰科学在非洲产生了持久的共鸣，特别是在传播 Ḥadīth 和苏菲派的链条中。学者们一直对学者之间这些通常很短的会议的实际内容持怀疑态度，这表明此类会议几乎没有告诉我们关于共同的学术理解。研究未发表的手稿，详细说明了“秘密”（asrār）的获取，显然在这些 18 世纪的网络中普遍存在，可以增加对这一时期出现的学术遗产之间的亲和力的新理解。本文考虑了与 Aḥmad al-Tijānī (d. 1815, Fez) 相关的这些问题，