What is the role of national courts in international judicialization? National courts are often key to the enforcement of human rights treaties. How do they do so? We focus on two mechanisms: direct effect, under which courts can apply treaties directly and set aside inconsistent domestic laws; and a canon of interpretation, under which courts interpret domestic laws in conformity with treaties. We argue that the legally weaker canon mechanism is more politically effective because it minimizes opposition to court rulings. Drawing on new data, we find that the canon significantly increases the extent to which ICCPR ratification reduces abuses of the freedoms of speech, association, and religion. For the freedoms of religion and association, this effect is significantly greater than that of the direct effect mechanism. We also contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the adjudication, compliance, and feedback phases

中文翻译：

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弱检的力量：国家法院，解释性佳能和人权条约

国家法院在国际司法中的作用是什么？国家法院通常是执行人权条约的关键。他们是如何做到的？我们关注两种机制：直接效力，在这种机制下，法院可以直接适用条约，并搁置不一致的国内法；解释规范，根据该规范法院根据条约解释国内法。我们认为，法律上较弱的规范机制在政治上更有效，因为它最大程度地减少了对法院裁决的反对。利用新数据，我们发现该经典大大提高了《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》的批准程度，从而减少了对言论，结社和宗教自由的滥用。对于宗教和结社自由，这种影响明显大于直接影响机制的影响。