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The Maritime Archaeology of a Modern Conflict: comparing the archaeology of German submarine wrecks to the historical text INNES McCARTNEY 328pp., numerous maps and illustrations, Routledge, 2015, £90, ISBN 978-1138814356
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology Pub Date : 2017-02-13 , DOI: 10.1111/1095-9270.12219
Eric Grove 1
Affiliation  

This is the publication of proceedings of the international colloquium ‘La Batellerie Égyptienne’ (‘Egyptian River Craft’) held in Alexandria in June 2010. Organized by the Centre d’Études Alexandrines, the event brought together many renowned researchers, mainly French-speaking, working in the field of ancient shipbuilding and navigation. The Nile was the focus of the colloquium, and, by a twist of fate, this review was written on board a ship anchored in the estuary of the ancient Canopic branch of this river. The book is dedicated to Honor Frost, and a foreword by J-Y. Empereur commemorates her contribution to Alexandrian studies. In the Introduction, P. Pomey emphasizes that the subject of many articles is not restricted by the riverbed of the Nile, but goes beyond it to the great coastal lakes of the Delta. Neither is the historical scope of this volume limited to Antiquity, as it contains a lot of ethnographic material. The editor admits that this ambitious approach would produce inevitable lacunas. The volume is subdivided into three sections. The first, somewhat artificial section, contains contributions devoted to Egyptian rivercraft and Nilotic navigation during the Pharaonic period (ending in 332 BC) but equally includes communication networks and harbour infrastructure in Antiquity. It is followed by a section on Nilotic navigation and shipbuilding in the Graeco-Roman, Byzantine and Islamic periods, while the third part of the book deals with ethnographic topics. The opening article by M. Abdel-Maguid follows in the wake of the Introduction, giving an overview of available iconographic, archaeological and textual material on Ancient Egyptian rivercraft during Pharaonic times. The author considers main constructional features and types of Nilotic vessels while illustrating the major lines of technological evolution with numerous images. Sief El-Din Gomaa presents the network of inner waterways in Egypt during the Graeco-Roman period. The author first briefly describes the geography of waterways and main river-ports from Egyptian Nubia downstream. The geography of the Delta is given in detail and includes the position of major canals from the results of the latest archaeological research. The second part of the paper, less than one page, is devoted to the historical evolution of the network. The third part enumerates its major functions and mentions the mean duration and risks of voyages. In the reviewer’s opinion this is too voluminous (50pp.) for a paper entirely based on secondary sources, while the numerous maps are repetitive. The contribution by Bergmann and Heinzelmann (in English) sums up the preliminary results of a multidisciplinary research project on the topography, development and economic role of Schedia, an important customs-post and port on the Canopic branch of the Nile created by the first Ptolemies. The topography of the site and constructional phases up to Late Antiquity are considered in much detail. The second part of the book starts with two interrelated articles providing deep and captivating analysis of Ancient Egyptian rivercraft in GraecoRoman times through papyri in one case and a single extremely rich iconographic source in the second. The first, by P. Arnaud, well-argued and written in the author’s characteristic lively style, is devoted to Nilotic freighters as they appear in papyri between 300 BC and AD 400. Arnaud underlines the immensity of the task of analysing a corpus of more than 500 chronologically discontinuous and varied documents. Moreover, the only serious effort in this direction was made almost a century ago with only a small part of the study published (Merzagora, 1929, La navigazione in Egitto nell’età greco-romana, Aegyptus 10: 105– 148). The article just opens ‘several windows’ on the subject; but the reviewer finds these windows perfectly oriented and wide. It is worth noting the extensive citation apparatus which includes full original texts of the papyri discussed together with French translations. The paper begins by considering three navigational spaces of Nilotic navigation (sea, river and lake), citing numerous arguments supporting the conclusion that in Hellenistic times the Nile was perceived as an extension of the sea. Special attention is paid to the presence of large seagoing ships, in particular the kerkouros. The author shows that, contrary to the opinion that large ships came upriver during the flood (end of August or early September), documents attest that ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000 artabs (c.250 metric tonnes) came up the Nile, sometimes as far as Thebes, almost exclusively in winter (December to February), when although the water was low the wind was generally favourable. The reason is probably

中文翻译:

现代冲突的海洋考古学:将德国潜艇沉船的考古学与历史文字INNES McCARTNEY 328页进行比较,大量地图和插图,Routledge,2015年,90英镑,ISBN 978-1138814356

这是2010年6月在亚历山大举行的国际学术讨论会“ La BatellerieÉgyptienne”(“埃及河工艺品”)的刊物。该活动由亚历山大·德图兹艺术中心主办,汇集了许多著名的研究人员,主要是讲法语的人。在古代造船和航海领域工作。尼罗河是座谈会的焦点,由于命运的转折,这篇评论写在了锚定在这条河古老Canopic支河口的一艘船上。这本书是献给荣誉霜的,是JY的前言。皇帝纪念她对亚历山大研究的贡献。在引言中,P。Pomey强调说,许多文章的主题都不受尼罗河河床的限制,而是超越了三角洲的沿海湖泊。这本书的历史范围也不限于古代,因为它包含许多人种学资料。编辑承认,这种雄心勃勃的方法将不可避免地产生缺陷。该卷分为三个部分。第一个部分是人为的部分,包含了在法老时期(公元前332年结束)致力于埃及河船和尼罗河航行的贡献,但同样包括古代的通信网络和港口基础设施。紧随其后的是关于希腊罗马,拜占庭和伊斯兰时期的尼罗河航行和造船的章节,而本书的第三部分涉及人种学主题。M. Abdel-Maguid的开篇文章紧随“简介”之后,概述了可用的图像,法老时期古埃及河船上的考古和文字材料。作者在考虑大量Nilotic血管的主要构造特征和类型的同时,还用大量图像说明了技术发展的主要思路。Sief El-Din Gomaa展示了古希腊罗马时期埃及的内部水道网络。作者首先简要描述了埃及努比亚下游的水道和主要河港的地理情况。详细介绍了三角洲的地理,包括最新考古研究结果中主要运河的位置。本文的第二部分不到一页,专门介绍了网络的历史演变。第三部分列举了其主要功能,并提到了平均航行时间和航行风险。审阅者认为,对于完全基于辅助来源的论文而言,这过于庞大(50pp。),而许多地图都是重复的。Bergmann和Heinzelmann的贡献(英文)总结了关于Schedia的地形,发展和经济作用的多学科研究项目的初步结果,Schedia是第一个托勒密人在尼罗河冠层分支上的重要海关和港口。站点的地形和上古时期的建设阶段都得到了详细的考虑。本书的第二部分从两篇相互关联的文章开始,其中一篇通过纸莎草纸对GraecoRoman时代的古埃及河船进行了深入而迷人的分析,而第二篇则通过一个极为丰富的图像来源进行了分析。首先是P. Arnaud,颇具争议性和作者独特活泼风格的文章,专门论述了尼罗河货轮在公元前300年至公元400年之间出现在纸莎草纸上的情况。Arnaud强调了分析500多个按时间顺序不连续且变化多端的文集的任务的艰巨性。而且,朝这个方向的唯一认真的努力是在大约一个世纪前发表的,只有一小部分研究发表(Merzagora,1929年,La navigazione在Egittonell'etàgreco-romana,Aegyptus 10:105-148)。本文只是打开了该主题的“几个窗口”。但是审阅者发现这些窗口的方向和宽度都很完美。值得一提的是广泛的引用工具,其中包括纸莎草纸的全部原始文本以及法语翻译。本文首先考虑了尼罗河航行的三个航行空间(海,河和湖),并提出了许多论据,支持在希腊时代将尼罗河视为海洋的延伸这一结论。特别要注意大型海船的存在,特别是kerkouros。作者表明,与大船在洪水期间(8月底或9月初)升到上游的观点相反,文件证明,吨位超过10,000 artabs(约250公吨)的船舶是从尼罗河上来的,有时甚至到底比斯为止,几乎都在冬天(12月至2月),虽然水少了,但风一般还是有利的。原因可能是 引用了众多论据,支持以下结论:在希腊时代,尼罗河被视为海洋的延伸。特别要注意大型海船的存在,特别是kerkouros。作者表明,与大船在洪水期间(8月底或9月初)升到上游的观点相反,文件证明,吨位超过10,000 artabs(约250公吨)的船舶是从尼罗河上来的,有时甚至到底比斯为止,几乎完全是在冬季(12月至2月),那时虽然水少了,但风一般还是有利的。原因可能是 引用了众多论据,支持以下结论:在希腊时代,尼罗河被视为海洋的延伸。特别要注意大型海船的存在,特别是kerkouros。作者表明,与大船在洪水期间(8月底或9月初)升到上游的观点相反,文件证明,吨位超过10,000 artabs(约250公吨)的船舶是从尼罗河上来的,有时甚至到底比斯为止,几乎都在冬天(12月至2月),虽然水少了,但风一般还是有利的。原因可能是 与大型船在洪水期间(8月底或9月初)驶向上游的观点相反,文件证明吨位超过10,000 artabs(约250公吨)的船驶入尼罗河,有时甚至到达底比斯,几乎只在冬季(12月至2月),虽然水少,但风向普遍有利。原因可能是 与大型船在洪水期间(8月底或9月初)驶向上游的观点相反,文件证明吨位超过10,000 artabs(约250公吨)的船驶入尼罗河,有时甚至到达底比斯,几乎只在冬季(12月至2月),虽然水少,但风向普遍有利。原因可能是
更新日期:2017-02-13
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