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The problem of stigmatizing expressions
International Journal of Discrimination and the Law Pub Date : 2017-02-20 , DOI: 10.1177/1358229117692459
Paul Quinn 1
Affiliation  

Acts of discrimination are stigmatizing. Preventing discrimination is therefore important in reducing the stigmatization of vulnerable minority groups. Anti-discrimination approaches are particularly useful in preventing certain acts of discrimination against certain categories of individuals. Some anti-discrimination approaches may however have difficulty in engaging stigmatizing expressions made against various groups. This may be particularly true where such approaches are focused on the existence of ‘treatment’, which, as the author discusses in this article, involved the imposition of binding changes on individuals. This includes expressions that may be stigmatizing and, while not imposing binding changes upon individuals, are in reality capable of inflicting psychological pressures, inducing potential effects that can be felt at the group and societal level. In making this point, his article compares the general anti-discrimination approach developed under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the more specialized approach adopted by the European Union in a number of its anti-discrimination directives. As this article demonstrates, the latter type of approaches may offer more possibilities for engaging purely expressive activity that may be stigmatizing, but only in extremely limited contexts. The author of this article argues that this is largely because such approaches are less focused on the concept of ‘treatment’.

中文翻译:

污名化表达的问题

歧视行为是污名化的。因此,防止歧视对于减少弱势少数群体的污名很重要。反歧视方法在防止针对某些类别的个人的某些歧视行为方面特别有用。然而,一些反歧视方法可能难以涉及针对不同群体的污名化言论。如果此类方法侧重于“治疗”的存在,则可能尤其如此,正如作者在本文中所讨论的那样,这涉及对个人强加具有约束力的变化。这包括可能带有污名的表达,虽然不会对个人施加有约束力的改变,但实际上能够造成心理压力,诱发可以在群体和社会层面感受到的潜在影响。在说明这一点时,他的文章将根据《欧洲人权公约》第 14 条制定的一般反歧视方法与欧盟在其一些反歧视指令中采用的更专业的方法进行了比较。正如本文所展示的那样,后一种方法可能为参与可能带有污名的纯粹表达性活动提供更多可能性,但仅限于极其有限的情况。这篇文章的作者认为,这主要是因为这些方法不太关注“治疗”的概念。他的文章比较了根据《欧洲人权公约》第 14 条制定的一般反歧视方法和欧盟在其一些反歧视指令中采用的更专业的方法。正如本文所展示的那样,后一种方法可能为参与可能带有污名的纯粹表达性活动提供更多可能性,但仅限于极其有限的情况。这篇文章的作者认为,这主要是因为这些方法不太关注“治疗”的概念。他的文章比较了根据《欧洲人权公约》第 14 条制定的一般反歧视方法和欧盟在其一些反歧视指令中采用的更专业的方法。正如本文所展示的那样,后一种方法可能为参与可能带有污名的纯粹表达性活动提供更多可能性,但仅限于极其有限的情况。这篇文章的作者认为,这主要是因为这些方法不太关注“治疗”的概念。
更新日期:2017-02-20
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