“Physical premotions” are a concept associated with Baroque Catholic theological debates concerning grace and freedom. In this paper, I present an argument that the entities identified in this debate, physical premotions, are necessary for any classical theist’s account of divine causality. A “classical theist” is a theist who holds both that God is simple, that is, without inhering properties, and that humans and God are both free in the incompatibilist sense. In fact, not only does the acceptance of physical premotions not entail determinism, physical premotions are the only way for classical theists to preserve the aforementioned two commitments. Nevertheless, the theory of premotions (by itself) cannot help theologians resolve questions of how God causes human free acts without violating their freedom.

中文翻译：

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为什么所有古典有神论者都应该相信物理预感，但这并不重要（为了自由）

“身体预感”是一个与巴洛克天主教关于恩典和自由的神学辩论相关的概念。在这篇论文中，我提出了一个论点，即在这场辩论中确定的实体，物理预感，对于任何古典有神论者对神圣因果关系的解释都是必要的。“古典有神论者”是既认为上帝是简单的，即没有固有属性，又认为人类和上帝在不相容主义意义上都是自由的有神论者。事实上，不仅接受物理预感并不意味着决定论，物理预感是古典有神论者保持上述两个承诺的唯一途径。然而，预感理论（就其本身而言）无法帮助神学家解决上帝如何在不侵犯人类自由的情况下导致人类自由行为的问题。