Τhe Kiev Civil Liability Protocol creates a strict liability regime which channels liability towards the operator, providing also that such liability shall be covered by compulsory insurance. The Protocol implements the “polluter-pays” principle and, unlike other similar regimes, it is neither exclusive nor self-contained, allowing in some instances for the application of other international instruments or of relevant rules of domestic law. It is argued that the Kiev Protocol can coexist with EU Directive 2004/35 on environmental liability, given that the latter opts for an administrative approach, and could even provide a mechanism for the recovery of costs incurred by the competent public authority in case of transboundary damage, thus facilitating the implementation of the Directive. It covers both economic and, to an extent, environmental damage and, if in force, will be an important tool in the hands of the victims of transboundary pollution.

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《基辅民事责任议定书》以及民事和行政责任制度之间的相互作用

《基辅民事责任议定书》建立了严格的赔偿责任制度，将赔偿责任引向经营者，但前提是此类赔偿责任必须由强制保险承保。该议定书执行“污染者付费”原则，与其他类似制度不同，它既不是排他性的也不是独立的，在某些情况下允许适用其他国际文书或有关的国内法规则。有人认为，《基辅议定书》可以与欧盟关于环境责任的第2004/35号指令共存，因为后者选择了一种行政方法，甚至可以提供一种机制，以收回跨界情况下主管公共当局的费用。损害，从而有利于该指令的执行。它涵盖了经济方面，并在一定程度上涵盖了