As sport has become an integral part of society, it has also become a tool for diplomacy around the world. The purpose of this study is to introduce a sports diplomacy model and identify “the critical abilities” for converting sport soft power tools into resources for diplomatic outcomes. The data for this research comprise 30 online surveys completed by international experts in the fields of sports and public diplomacy. The responses were qualitatively analyzed using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). After running two rounds of fuzzy Delphi, two main strategies for sports diplomacy emerged—maintaining “official and sports diplomacy solidarity” and using sport figures as “competent cultural ambassadors.” The proposed model includes the most applicable sports diplomacy resources, the most expected diplomatic outcomes, and the major conversion tools (skillful strategies) in the viewpoint of sports and public diplomacy experts. The application of the model finds that states can expect diplomatic outcomes if appropriate sports diplomacy resources and conversion strategies are implemented in an orderly, innovative and accurate manner.

中文翻译：

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将体育外交转化为外交成果：引入体育外交模式

随着体育成为社会不可或缺的一部分，它也成为了世界范围内的外交工具。本研究的目的是引入体育外交模型，并确定将体育软实力工具转化为外交成果资源的“关键能力”。这项研究的数据包括由体育和公共外交领域的国际专家完成的 30 项在线调查。使用模糊德尔菲法 (FDM) 对响应进行定性分析。在运行了两轮模糊德尔福之后，体育外交的两大战略出现了——保持“官方与体育外交的团结”和让体育人物成为“称职的文化大使”。提出的模式包括最适用的体育外交资源、最期待的外交成果、以及体育和公共外交专家认为的主要转换工具（技巧性策略）。该模型的应用发现，如果以有序、创新和准确的方式实施适当的体育外交资源和转换策略，国家可以期待外交成果。