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Latin crassus, grossus, classis
Indogermanische Forschungen ( IF 0.462 ) Pub Date : 2016-11-01 , DOI: 10.1515/if-2016-0008
Brent Vine 1
Affiliation  

Abstract According to Christol (1996: 809ff.), some Latin words in -ss- (allegedly with “expressive gemination”) could receive a principled explanation as systematic exceptions to rhotacism. At the time of rhotacism, conservative dialects might have remained at the stage with intervocalic /-z-/ (as in Oscan). Then, speakers in rhotacizing dialects (or using a rhotacizing phonostyle) would identify the intervocalic [z] with [ss], at that time the only intervocalic sibilant in rhotacizing speech; cf. Lat. 〈ss〉 rendering Gk. 〈ζ〉 (= [z]). Christol’s own examples are not strongly supportive; but Lat. crassus ‘thick, fat’, grossus ‘unripe fig’ (perhaps also grossus ‘thick, coarse’), and classis ‘levy’ could provide good examples of the process. The etymologically obscure crassus and grossus can thus be given satisfying accounts based on attested PIE s-stems, s-presents, and/or s-enlarged forms. (The discussion of crassus includes analysis of the neglected form crassundia ‘sausages’, which may support an old s-present.) For classis: the root etymology was clear (cf. Lat. calāre ‘call, summon’, U. kařetu/carsitu ‘he shall call’, Gk. καλέω ‘call’, etc.), but the -ss-formation was not; it can now be interpreted, given Christol’s theory, via s-forms attested within Latin (e. g. Calābra) and elsewhere (cf. the s-present in Hitt. kalliš-zi ‘call, summon’).

中文翻译:

拉丁文 crassus、grossus、classis

摘要 根据 Christol (1996: 809ff.) 的说法,-ss- 中的一些拉丁词(据称具有“表现性的萌芽”)可以作为rhotacism 的系统性例外得到原则性的解释。在 Rhotacism 时代,保守的方言可能还停留在带有声调 /-z-/ 的阶段(如在 Oscan 中)。然后,使用rhotacizing方言(或使用rhotacizing phonostyle)的说话者会将[z]识别为[ss],当时是rhotacizing语音中唯一的声间咝音;参见 纬度 〈ss〉渲染Gk。〈ζ〉(=[z])。Christol 自己的例子并不强烈支持;但拉特。crassus 'thick, fat',grossus '未成熟的无花果'(也许还有grossus '厚,粗')和classis 'levy' 可以提供这个过程的很好的例子。因此,基于经证明的 PIE s-stems、s-presents 和/或 s-放大形式,可以对词源上模糊的 crassus 和grossus 给出令人满意的说明。(对 crassus 的讨论包括对被忽略的形式 crassundia 'sausages' 的分析,这可能支持旧的 s-现在。)对于 classis:词源很清楚(参见 Lat. calāre 'call, call', U. kařetu/ caritu '他应呼叫',Gk. καλέω '呼叫',等等),但 -ss-formation 不是;根据克里斯托的理论,现在可以通过拉丁语(例如 Calābra)和其他地方(参见 Hitt. kalliš-zi 中的 s-present 中的 s-present. kalliš-zi '呼叫,召唤')证明的 s 形式来解释它。U. kařetu/carsitu '他会打电话',Gk。καλέω 'call' 等),但 -ss-formation 不是;根据 Christol 的理论,现在可以通过拉丁语(例如 Calābra)和其他地方(参见 Hitt. kalliš-zi 中的 s-present 中的 s-present. kalliš-zi '呼叫,召唤')证明的 s 形式来解释它。U. kařetu/carsitu '他会打电话',Gk。καλέω 'call' 等),但 -ss-formation 不是;根据克里斯托的理论,现在可以通过拉丁语(例如 Calābra)和其他地方(参见 Hitt. kalliš-zi 中的 s-present 中的 s-present. kalliš-zi '呼叫,召唤')证明的 s 形式来解释它。
更新日期:2016-11-01
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