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Definite referential null objects in Old Hittite
Indogermanische Forschungen ( IF 0.462 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-18 , DOI: 10.1515/if-2019-0005
Guglielmo Inglese 1 , Giuseppe Rizzo 1 , Miriam Pflugmacher 2
Affiliation  

Abstract The occurrence of referential Null Objects (NOs) is a recurrent syntactic feature of ancient Indo-European languages. As previous scholars have remarked, different conditions license the occurrence of NOs in individual languages. In Hittite, the occurrence of NOs has already been observed in reference works, but a systematic account of this phenomenon is still a desideratum. In this paper, we provide a thorough corpus-based study of NOs in a corpus of Old Hittite texts. By means of quantitative data, we illustrate the frequency of NOs in various contexts, and highlight their co-occurrence with sentence connectives, chiefly with ta. We also take into account other parameters that influence the occurrence of NOs. Our analysis shows that in Hittite NOs display a connection with inanimate and less individuated referents and seem to be driven by discourse rather than by syntactic motivations. In addition, textual genre also seems to play role, and we suggest that NOs constitute a feature of the technical language of festivals and ritual texts. Finally, we sketch a possible diachronic scenario that explains the observed distribution of NOs, and argue that Old Hittite attests a phase of ongoing change whereby NOs were being progressively replaced by clitic object pronouns.

中文翻译:

旧赫梯语中的明确引用空对象

摘要 引用空对象(NO)的出现是古代印欧语言的一个反复出现的句法特征。正如以前的学者所说,不同的条件允许在个别语言中出现 NO。在赫梯,参考文献中已经观察到 NOs 的发生,但对这种现象的系统描述仍然是一种迫切需要。在本文中,我们对古赫梯文本语料库中的 NOs 进行了全面的基于语料库的研究。通过定量数据,我们说明了 NO 在各种上下文中的频率,并突出了它们与句子连接词的共现,主要是与 ta。我们还考虑了影响 NO 发生的其他参数。我们的分析表明,在赫梯语中,NO 显示出与无生命和不那么个性化的所指对象的联系,并且似乎是由话语而不是句法动机驱动的。此外,文本体裁似乎也发挥了作用,我们认为 NOs 构成了节日和仪式文本技术语言的一个特征。最后,我们勾勒出一个可能的历时情景来解释观察到的 NOs 的分布,并认为老赫梯语证明了一个持续变化的阶段,即 NOs 逐渐被阴蒂宾语代词取代。
更新日期:2019-09-18
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