The recent financial crisis revealed limitations and deficiencies in the corporate governance of many financial institutions on both sides of the Atlantic that, to some extent, could have facilitated excessive risks. Specifically, it was observed that the composition of the board, its organization and functioning, its relation with risk management and its control, and even the way in which managers and directors were remunerated, could alter the risk profile of the credit institution and, consequently, its conduct. The recent financial crisis revealed limitations and deficiencies in the corporate governance of many financial institutions on both sides of the Atlantic that, to some extent, could have facilitated excessive risks. Specifically, it was observed that the composition of the board, its organization and functioning, its relation with risk management and its control, and even the way in which managers and directors were remunerated, could alter the risk profile of the credit institution and, consequently, its conduct. Policy concerns relating to these issues have resulted in the introduction of various regulations focusing on: greater oversight of risk-taking (including limits to certain high-risk areas); tougher capital and liquidity requirements; greater transparency on the remuneration packages paid to bank directors and senior management; new rules on the composition of such packages and also on procedures for approving such payments. Banks have been forced to boost capital, mainly by reducing risk-assets, hold more liquidity on-balance sheet – both features of Basel III – and also implement improved risk, pay and operational oversight with enhanced corporate governance in the spirit of unprecedented policy changes. This new environment has encouraged the banking industry to make a huge effort to simplify, recapitalize and reorganize its operations. Moreover, financial entities have taken greater interest in promoting good practice, strengthening corporate governance, fostering greater transparency and increasing sensitivity to environmental and socioeconomic issues. Currently, banks must assume and implement a set of practices, principles and values that allow them to take on the new challenges and fulfill the basic functions that society and financial markets have entrusted to them, which are simply financing the economy, protecting their clients and promoting financial stability. This special issue of Global Policy aims to contribute to the debate by analyzing the new challenges posed to the global banking industry. The paper by Carb o Valverde, CuadrosSolas and Rodriguez-Fern andez ‘The Effect of Banks’ IT Investments on the Digitalization of their Customers’ exploits the fact that banks’ IT investments are mostly allocated to digital technologies to examine if such investments affect the digitalization of bank customers. The results show that banks’ IT investments have a significant positive impact on the adoption of financial digitalization by customers. These investments also increase the likelihood that bank customers undertake their financial transactions through digital channels rather than in the physical branch. This represents a change in the relationship banking channel. These findings shed light on the impact of banks’ IT investments on endusers and not just on bank productivity and efficiency. Forcadell, Aracil and Ubeda ́s article ‘The Impact of Corporate Sustainability and Digitalization on International Banks’ Performance’ also investigate the financial digitalization. They analyze the implications for international banks of two contemporary megatrends: corporate sustainability (CS) and digitalization. The digital environment and the availability of massive data from customers generate asymmetric information for banks to the detriment of customers, who experience individual vulnerabilities such as privacy rights. This can hinder the positive influence of digitalization in banks’ performance, with relevant managerial and political implications. In this context, the reputation generated by CS strategies can constitute a credence factor that reduces customers’ fears of opportunistic behavior and information Global Policy (2020) 11:Suppl.1 doi: 10.1111/1758-5899.12770 © 2020 University of Durham and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Global Policy Volume 11 . Supplement 1 . January 2020 7

中文翻译：

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特刊简介：“银行业的当代问题”

最近的金融危机暴露了大西洋两岸许多金融机构在公司治理方面的局限性和缺陷，在某种程度上，这可能助长了过度风险。具体而言，据观察，董事会的组成、其组织和职能、与风险管理和控制的关系，甚至经理和董事的薪酬方式，都可能改变信贷机构的风险状况，从而，其行为。最近的金融危机暴露了大西洋两岸许多金融机构在公司治理方面的局限性和缺陷，在某种程度上，这可能助长了过度风险。具体而言，据观察，董事会的组成、组织和运作，它与风险管理及其控制的关系，甚至管理人员和董事的薪酬方式，都可能改变信贷机构的风险状况，从而改变其行为。与这些问题相关的政策问题导致出台了各种法规，重点是： 加强对风险承担的监督（包括对某些高风险领域的限制）；更严格的资本和流动性要求；支付给银行董事和高级管理人员的薪酬方案更加透明；关于此类一揽子计划的组成以及批准此类付款的程序的新规则。银行被迫增加资本，主要是通过减少风险资产，在资产负债表上持有更多流动性——巴塞尔协议 III 的两个特征——并实施改善风险，本着前所未有的政策变革精神，加强公司治理，加强薪酬和运营监督。这种新环境鼓励银行业作出巨大努力来简化、调整资本和重组其业务。此外，金融实体对促进良好实践、加强公司治理、提高透明度以及提高对环境和社会经济问题的敏感性方面表现出更大的兴趣。目前，银行必须采取并实施一套实践、原则和价值观，使它们能够迎接新的挑战并履行社会和金融市场赋予它们的基本功能，这些功能只是为经济融资、保护客户和促进金融稳定。本期《全球政策》特刊旨在通过分析全球银行业面临的新挑战，为这场辩论做出贡献。Carb o Valverde、CuadrosSolas 和 Rodriguez-Fern andez 的论文“银行 IT 投资对其客户数字化的影响”利用了银行的 IT 投资主要分配给数字技术这一事实，以检查此类投资是否会影响数字化银行客户。结果表明，银行的 IT 投资对客户采用金融数字化具有显着的积极影响。这些投资还增加了银行客户通过数字渠道而非实体分行进行金融交易的可能性。这代表关系银行渠道的变化。这些发现揭示了银行 IT 投资对最终用户的影响，而不仅仅是对银行生产力和效率的影响。Forcadell、Aracil 和 Ubeda 的文章“企业可持续性和数字化对国际银行业绩的影响”也调查了金融数字化。他们分析了两个当代大趋势对国际银行的影响：企业可持续发展 (CS) 和数字化。数字环境和来自客户的海量数据的可用性为银行带来了不对称信息，从而损害了客户的利益，他们遇到了隐私权等个人漏洞。这可能会阻碍数字化对银行绩效的积极影响，并产生相关的管理和政治影响。在这种情况下，CS 策略产生的声誉可以构成降低客户对机会主义行为和信息的恐惧的信任因素 Global Policy (2020) 11:Suppl.1 doi: 10.1111/1758-5899.12770 © 2020 University of Durham and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd . 全球政策第 11 卷。补充1。2020 年 1 月 7