In this article, I examine noir representations of ‘Biradforrd’, that important West Yorkshire city which, as one British-Punjabi character’s mispronunciation suggests, has been transformed by South Asian Muslim migration. I examine a trilogy: M. Y. Alam’s Bradford noir novels Annie Potts is Dead, Kilo and Red Laal (1998−2012), and a tetralogy: A. A. Dhand’s Streets of Darkness, Girl Zero, City of Sinners and One Way Out (2016−2019). These novels explore the biradari or kinship system evoked by Atia Hosain’s character in her neologism ‘Biradforrd’. They also focus, among other matters, on Bradford’s predominantly Mirpuri community from the Azad Kashmir region of northeast Pakistan. I argue that despite their different religious backgrounds, Alam and Dhand are both from the ‘myth of return’ class and portray from the inside Bradfordians’ ghettoized deprivation, drugs problem and vulnerability to racist and Islamophobic abuse.

中文翻译：

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'伯明冈？诺丁岗？Biradford？'：布拉德福德的英国亚洲黑色描述

在这篇文章中，我研究了“Biradforrd”的黑色表现，这座重要的西约克郡城市，正如一个英国旁遮普人物的错误发音所暗示的那样，已经被南亚穆斯林移民改变了。我研究了三部曲：我阿拉姆的布拉德福德黑色小说安妮波茨死了、基洛和红拉尔（1998−2012 年）和四部曲：AA Dhand 的黑暗街道、零号女孩、罪人之城和一条出路（2016−2019 年） . 这些小说探索了 Atia Hosain 在她的新词“Biradforrd”中的角色所唤起的 biradari 或亲属关系系统。除其他事项外，他们还关注布拉德福德主要来自巴基斯坦东北部阿扎德克什米尔地区的米尔普里社区。我认为，尽管他们的宗教背景不同，