Abstract This paper investigates the distinct functions associated with the copula morpheme and their distribution across Sinitic languages. Based on fieldwork on five Sinitic languages, an empirical generalization will be presented regarding the scope and variation of copular multifunctionality. Specifically, language-specific variation is witnessed in topic and conditional marking as well as verum marking. Conversely, it is found that Sinitic languages converge on employing the copula in constructions expressing phrasal and clausal level focus. The paper further explores whether these copular constructions should receive a uniform syntax, or should be conceived of as having a set of underlaid heterogeneous structures.

中文翻译：

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跨性别观点的Copula功能

摘要本文研究了与语系语素相关的独特功能及其在汉语中的分布。基于对五种Sinitic语言的实地考察，将给出关于通用多功能性的范围和变化的经验总结。具体来说，在主题和条件标记以及verum标记中可以看到特定语言的变化。相反地​​，发现初始语言趋向于在表达短语和从句水平重点的结构中采用系词。本文进一步探讨了这些公共结构应该接受统一的语法还是应该被认为具有一组底层异构结构。