Since the very start of 2020, international business actors have become increasingly concerned with the “viral exceptionalism”1 caused by the various governmental pandemic-mitigation restrictions (PMRs) enacted in response to COVID-19.2 The governmental action was deemed necessary as a consequence of coronavirus’ distinctive epidemiological characteristics. First, by replicating in large quantity during the prodrome period, the virus spreads via silent and unconscious carriers, who remain asymptomatic despite the infection.3 Second, the virus possesses both an extremely efficient human transmission capacity and a long asymptomatic incubation period (1–14 days, compared to 2–7 days of SARS), two factors that, combined, make it difficult to detect and quickly circumscribe the infected population within a limited geographical range.4 Third, a significant portion of infected individuals require immediate access to intensive care units, thus creating a burden for national public health systems, which are ill-equipped to face the resulting hospitalisation surge.5 Hence the need to urgently “flatten the curve” of the pandemic growth.6 In several countries, PMRs took the form of strict nationwide lockdowns (travel bans, prohibition of gatherings and closure of education facilities) and the suspension of all non-essential trade (anything but food, medicine, banking, financial and insurance

中文翻译：

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冠状病毒感染的国际商业交易：初步诊断

自2020年初以来，国际商业参与者越来越关注因应COVID-19.2颁布的各种政府大流行缓解措施限制（PMR）所引起的“病毒例外主义” 1。冠状病毒的独特流行病学特征。首先，该病毒通过在繁殖前期大量复制，通过无声无意识的携带者传播，这些携带者尽管受到感染仍无症状。3第二，该病毒具有极高的人类传播能力和无症状的潜伏期长（1–与SARS的2-7天相比，这是14天），这两个因素共同导致难以在有限的地理范围内发现和快速界定受感染的人群。4