In 2017 and 2018, two important edited books about Risk–Needs Assessment (RNA) were published. They are first of all noteworthy because of the reputation of their authors and their authors’ expertise in both the Risk–Needs–Responsivity (RNR) and the RNA domains. The first one (2017) is edited by Faye S Taxman, who had previously published a book with Pattavina about RNA (2016). As to the second book (2018), every reader will be familiar with the meta-analyses and other fundamental studies published by its authors. Both books are particularly inspiring in that they present, each in their own different way, the extant knowledge relating to RNA, whilst advancing it further. Both contribute to the ambitious task that Faye Taxman seems to have embraced over the last few years, which is to improve the RNR model and fill some of its gaps. She makes this goal remarkably clear in the introductory chapter to her edited volume, which she writes with Dezember. The authors recognise the importance of RNA values whilst raising questions such as how well instruments predict or measure, how instruments have been validated, and crucially, how instruments are actually used in the field. Rather than conclude, as is too often the case, that assessment tools should ‘therefore’ [sic] be rejected, they make a particularly well-informed and convincing argument in favour of improving how they are implemented. Implementation is undoubtedly the bane of RNA utilisation, and in addressing this particular issue, Taxman and Dezember can draw upon the pioneering work Taxman herself conducted with Belenko in 2012 in which, in particular, she drew upon theories of innovation diffusion (notably Rogers, 2003). I would not be doing justice to the incomparable depth of the two books if I summarised their entire content. I shall, therefore, have to select a few chapters that particularly attracted my attention. In Taxman’s volume, I was particularly interested in Burrell’s chapter, which pertains to the implementation of RNA. Burrell points to an issue I have myself noted frequently, if not systematically, in my own jurisdiction, which is the tendency to tick off items without truly understanding or even knowing what they are measuring. This leads to patent mistakes and/or the ‘big return of the holistic’. Unfortunately, just because one builds 817667 EJP0010.1177/2066220318817667European Journal of ProbationBook Review 2018

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书评：Faye S Taxman (ed.)，风险和需求评估手册。理论与实践，Jay P. Singh、Daryl G. Kroner、J. Stephen Wormith、Sarah L. Desmarais 和 Zachary Hamilton（编辑），再犯风险/需求评估工具手册

2017 年和 2018 年，出版了两本关于风险-需求评估 (RNA) 的重要编辑书籍。首先，由于作者的声誉和作者在风险-需求-响应度 (RNR) 和 RNA 领域的专业知识，它们值得一提。第一个（2017 年）由 Faye S Taxman 编辑，他之前曾与 Pattavina 出版过一本关于 RNA 的书（2016 年）。至于第二本书（2018），每个读者都会熟悉其作者发表的荟萃分析和其他基础研究。这两本书都特别鼓舞人心，因为它们以各自不同的方式展示了与 RNA 相关的现有知识，同时进一步推进了它。两者都有助于 Faye Taxman 在过去几年中似乎已经接受的雄心勃勃的任务，即改进 RNR 模型并填补其一些空白。她在她与 Dezember 合着的编辑卷的介绍性章节中非常清楚地说明了这个目标。作者认识到 RNA 值的重要性，同时提出了一些问题，例如仪器预测或测量的效果如何，仪器如何验证，以及至关重要的是，仪器在该领域的实际使用情况。与其断定评估工具应该“因此”[原文如此] 被拒绝，而不是通常情况下的结论，他们提出了一个特别有见地和令人信服的论点，支持改进它们的实施方式。实施无疑是 RNA 使用的祸根，在解决这个特定问题时，Taxman 和 Dezember 可以借鉴 Taxman 本人在 2012 年与 Belenko 进行的开创性工作，其中特别是她借鉴了创新扩散理论（特别是 Rogers，2003 ）。如果我总结了这两本书的全部内容，我就不会公正地评价这两本书的无与伦比的深度。因此，我将不得不选择一些特别引起我注意的章节。在 Taxman 的卷中，我对 Burrell 的章节特别感兴趣，该章节与 RNA 的实现有关。Burrell 指出了我自己经常（如果不是系统地）在我自己的管辖范围内注意到的一个问题，那就是在没有真正理解甚至不知道它们正在测量什么的情况下勾选项目的倾向。这会导致专利错误和/或“整体的大回报”。不幸的是，仅仅因为一个构建 817667 EJP0010.1177/2066220318817667European Journal of ProbationBook Review 2018 一定要挑几章特别吸引我的。在 Taxman 的卷中，我对 Burrell 的章节特别感兴趣，该章节与 RNA 的实现有关。Burrell 指出了我自己经常（如果不是系统地）在我自己的管辖范围内注意到的一个问题，那就是在没有真正理解甚至不知道它们正在测量什么的情况下勾选项目的倾向。这会导致专利错误和/或“整体的大回报”。不幸的是，仅仅因为一个构建 817667 EJP0010.1177/2066220318817667European Journal of ProbationBook Review 2018 一定要挑几章特别吸引我的。在 Taxman 的卷中，我对 Burrell 的章节特别感兴趣，该章节与 RNA 的实现有关。Burrell 指出了我自己经常（如果不是系统地）在我自己的管辖范围内注意到的一个问题，那就是在没有真正理解甚至不知道它们正在测量什么的情况下勾选项目的倾向。这会导致专利错误和/或“整体的大回报”。不幸的是，仅仅因为一个构建 817667 EJP0010.1177/2066220318817667European Journal of ProbationBook Review 2018 如果不是系统地，在我自己的管辖范围内，这是一种倾向，即在没有真正理解甚至不知道它们正在测量什么的情况下勾选项目。这会导致专利错误和/或“整体的大回报”。不幸的是，仅仅因为一个构建 817667 EJP0010.1177/2066220318817667European Journal of ProbationBook Review 2018 如果不是系统地，在我自己的管辖范围内，这是一种在没有真正理解甚至不知道它们在测量什么的情况下勾选项目的趋势。这会导致专利错误和/或“整体的大回报”。不幸的是，仅仅因为一个构建 817667 EJP0010.1177/2066220318817667European Journal of ProbationBook Review 2018