At different times, and for different reasons, Kosovo informal and organized women’s networks have dealt with wartime sexual violence in different ways: they have followed either a strategy of silence or one of speech. Throughout, they have struggled to disentangle gender from ethnicity, straddling the line between a deep connection with local culture and domestic and international norms and agendas. This article tells their story, which in broader terms is the story of the subjectivity of women’s rights activists—domestic and international—as it connects with the normative framework of transitional justice. The case of Kosovo shows that transitional justice meaningfully engages local actors as a human rights project sensitive to political change, more than as a “toolkit” which packages truth, reconciliation and justice with recipes for implementation. The case of Kosovo also confirms that lobbying by women’s networks is crucial to the inclusion of women’s perspectives in transitional justice, and that the exclusion of women from decision making results in a net loss for women’s concerns. I would take the argument even further, and suggest that the inclusion of women and their agendas, as well as the struggle by women’s networks for inclusion, is necessary for human rights transformation.

中文翻译：

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为科索沃战时性暴力寻求正义

在不同的时间和出于不同的原因，科索沃非正式和有组织的妇女网络以不同的方式处理战时性暴力：她们采取沉默的策略或发表言论。在整个过程中，他们一直努力将性别与种族隔离开来，跨越了与当地文化的深刻联系与国内外规范和议程之间的界限。本文讲述了她们的故事，从广义上讲，她们是国内和国际妇女权利活动家的主观性故事，因为它与过渡司法的规范框架相关。科索沃一案表明，过渡司法作为一种对政治变化敏感的人权项目，有意义地吸引了地方行为者，而不是作为一个包装真相的“工具包”，和解与正义与实施方法。科索沃案还证实，妇女网络的游说对于在过渡时期司法中纳入妇女观点至关重要，并且将妇女排除在决策之外会导致妇女关切的净损失。我将进一步讨论该论点，并建议将妇女及其议程纳入其中，以及妇女网络争取纳入的斗争对于人权的转变是必要的。